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Background The higher professional identity of general practitioners (GPs) helps to promote the establishment of hierarchical diagnosis and treatment in China. However, previous studies focus on the investigation of specialists. As the main provider of residents’ health services, GPs are the basis of primary health care services in China. This study aims to investigate the professional identity of GPs and its influencing factors. Methods A cross-sectional online questionnaire survey was conducted from December 2021 to January 2022, and subjects were selected by two-stage stratified random sampling. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 2,200 GPs (99.1% response rate) in Chongqing, a municipality in western China. Practicing identity was measured by the Practicing Identity Scale, psychological capital was measured by the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ-24), and patients were measured by the Perceptual Patient Slowness Questionnaire. Through the construction of a multiple linear regression model to analyze correlation, the related factors of GPs’ professional identity are discussed. Results The total score of professional identity of GPs was 65, with an average score of 53.59 (SD = 6.42). The scores of self-efficacy, hope, optimism, and resilience in psychological capital were 26.87 ± 5.70, 26.47 ± 5.74, 26.97 ± 5.55, and 26.86 ± 5.59, respectively. The score of perceived patients was 34.19 ± 7.59. Average monthly income, management responsibility, work tenure, self-efficacy, hope, resilience, and patient’s contempt are related to practice identity (P < 0.05). Conclusions GPs in Chongqing, a municipality directly under the central government in western China have high professional identity and strong psychology.

Zygosaccharomyces rouxii produces high levels of 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone in YPD medium supplemented with 120 g/L D-fructose and 180 g/L NaCl after 5  d. D-fructose has a stress effect on Z. rouxii, and GSH-Px is a main enzyme involved in the defense of Z. rouxii against oxygen stress according to our previous report. In order to further explore the molecular mechanism of the glutathione metabolism pathway in Z. rouxii in response to D-fructose stress, changes in the expression of genes and proteins involved in the synthesis of glutathione precursor amino acids and enzymes were observed. In addition, changes in the intermediates related to glutathione synthesis in Z. rouxii were reported. The results indicated that some gene-encoding enzymes involved in the glutamate, cysteine and glycine biosynthesis pathways and key genes involved in glutathione synthesis were upregulated. The expression levels of other genes, except SHMT, were consistent with the qRT-PCR results. The contents of γ-glutamylcysteine and glutathione amide in the D-fructose group were higher than those in the control group. In the D-fructose stress groups, the metabolic flux towards glutathione synthesis was increased. These results might provide more in-depth and detailed theoretical support for the oxidative stress defense mechanism of Z. rouxii under D-fructose stress.

In recent years, the state has deployed regional economic zones such as Xiong'an New Area, Shanghai Metropolitan Cluster and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Bay Area, etc. In order to study the economic radiation effect of the central cities on the surrounding areas, this paper finds the GDP, industrial output value and population density of 11 administrative regions in the Bay Area, and conducts a horizontal comparison to classify their development status into three levels according to the economic data of each city. This is the result of the rapid development of the central cities in the region, which is presumed to be due to the weakening of the economic radiation effect of the central cities as the distance increases. We then study the economic linkage between the central cities and other cities, the radiation mode, and so on, and find that the expansion of capital and the transfer of industry in close proximity are the main reasons. This paper analyzes the principle of economic radiation from the Greater Bay Area, and suggests that the peripheral cities in the region should break the transportation barriers with the central cities, change the mode of sending labor force, and actively introduce industries.