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The 5th-generation wireless networks (5G) technologies and mobile edge computing (MEC) provide great promises of enabling new capabilities for the industrial Internet of Things. However, the solutions enabled by the 5G ultra-reliable lowlatency communication (URLLC) paradigm come with challenges, where URLLC alone does not necessarily guarantee the efficient execution of time-critical fault detection and diagnostics (FDD) applications. Based on the Tennessee Eastman Process model, we propose the concept of the communication-edgecomputing (CEC) loop and a system model for evaluating the efficiency of FDD applications. We then formulate an optimization problem for achieving the defined CEC efficiency and discuss some typical solutions to the generic CEC-based FDD services, and propose a new uplink-based communication protocol called "ReFlexUp". From the performance analysis and numerical results, the proposed ReFlexUp protocol shows its effectiveness compared to the typical protocols such as Selective Repeat ARQ, HARQ, and "Occupy CoW" in terms of the key metrics such as latency, reliability, and efficiency. These results are further convinced from the mmWave-based simulations in a typical 5G MEC-based implementation.

Data aggregation is an important solution to decrease energy consumption by reducing the transmitting data in the wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Although there have been many energy-efficient data routing algorithms devoted to data gathering, the highly correlation of sensed data in WSNs is not fully considered in many existing studies. A lot of redundant data is still transmitted to the sink, which increases the energy cost in the WSNs. In this paper, a novel scheme named Energy-efficient Routing Scheme based on Multi-Ring (ERSMR) is proposed to minimize the energy consumption. The core idea of the scheme is to aggregate data packets of nodes in the peripheral area as far as possible to achieve fully utilization of node energy far from the sink. The proposed scheme can not only minimize the size of receiving and sending data packets in hotspots, but also reduce the maximum energy consumption of nodes for prolonging the network lifetime. Furthermore, it could balance energy consumption in the network and increase energy efficiency of the nodes by exploiting the remaining energy of peripheral nodes. The correctness of the proposed scheme is proved by theory analysis. Simulations are implemented to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed scheme. The simulation results show that it could improve the network lifetime and the energy efficiency. Compared with the Data Aggregation scheme Centralized Sink (DACS), the lifetime can be increased by as much as 190%. The energy utilization efficiency can be increased by as much as 200%. In addition, the optimal transmission radius to maximize the network lifetime is described.INDEX TERMS Correlated data gathering, energy-efficient, multi-ring routing.AN HE is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree with the

Mobile computing provides new ways of data collection on the Internet of Things (IoT). The sensed environment information by various sensing devices could make access to a wireless sensor network (WSN) through access points and vice versa. Improving the energy efficiency for a prolonged network lifetime while meeting the adaptive performance requirements under the guarantees of transport delay and reliability is an important problem to be solved in data collection for lossy and large-scale wireless sensor networks (WSN). Although many previous studies devoted to improving the energy efficiency, reliability, or network delay, they mainly focus on one of the performance metrics of the WSN. In this paper, a hybrid transmission scheme integrating the packet reproduction (PR) and Hop-by-Hop Automatic Repeat-reQuest (HBH ARQ) schemes are proposed to improve energy efficiency and reduce delay under guarantee of reliability for the lossy WSN. In the proposed scheme, the network is divided into two parts by a hybrid boundary where the location information is used to help determine the routing changes between the PR and HBH ARQ schemes. Some key parameters involved in the scheme are discussed and analyzed. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is evaluated via extensive simulation results. INDEX TERMS Energy efficiency, reliability, hybrid. I. INTRODUCTION Mobile computing provides new ways of data collection in Internet of Things (IoT) [1]. A large number of sensing devices are widely applied in the fields of environmental and ecological monitoring [2]-[5], health monitoring [6]-[8], home automation [9], [10], and traffic control [11], [12]. Different types of deployed devices or sensors are used to collect data of environment (temperature, humidity, pollution articles), transportation, terminals and even social activities. Thus, data collection services are provided by mobile computing for IoT, such as industry, agriculture, medical treatment, vehicles, and so on. They drive the intelligent factory, intelligent medical treatment, smart home and intelligent transportation to be reality. The sensed environmental information by various sensing devices could make access to Wireless Sensor The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Zhongming Zheng.

Three-dimensional wireless sensor networks (3D WSNs) play an important role to provide data collection services for Internet of things (IoT) in the real applications. However, many of the existing WSN data collection researches are based on a relatively simple linear or plane network model. The three-dimensional space problems are simplified to two-dimensional plane, which limits the applicability. In this paper, the data collection in 3D WSN is studied. In the three-dimensional space, we firstly analyze the data loads, energy consumption, and end-to-end (E2E) delay of each node when the network is following the shortest path routing. The mathematical analysis of data loads and E2E delay of each node are presented. Based on the analysis of data loads and energy consumption, an energy-ware data transmission scheme is proposed to achieve the trade-off optimization between the E2E delay and network lifetime under the guarantee of the transmission reliability. The key point of the proposed scheme is to make fully use of the unbalanced energy consumption of the 3D WSN. The performance of the proposed scheme is discussed, analyzed, and evaluated. The theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the E2E network delay and energy efficiency can be improved under the constraint of transmission reliability.