Purpose: To investigate the influence of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on human dental stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Method: Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), periodontal ligament stem cell (PDLSCs), and gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) were treated with NaOCl. Cell viability was evaluated with cellular counting kit-8 (CCK8), and cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were analyzed by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and subsequent flow cytometry. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blotting were performed to detect the expressions of differentiation markers. Results: The viability and ATP levels of all three stem cells types were impaired by NaOCl in a concentration-and time-dependent manners. However, the decrease ATP in GMSCs was less than the other two stem cell population (p < 0.05). NaOCl treatment significantly suppressed the proliferation of dental stem cells (p < 0.05). With regard to differentiation marker expression levels, the decrease in Stro-1 was greater in treatment groups when compared to control on Day 7, while increase in levels of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and osteocalcin (OC) was smaller (p < 0.05). The expressional changes of Stro-1, DSPP, BSP, and OC were more prominent in DPSMs and PDLSCs than in GMSCs. Conclusion: NaOCl dose-dependently impairs the viability, proliferation and differentiation of dental stem cells. Thus, its toxicity to dental stem cells needs to be considered in clinical application.

This study determined the effects of seed structures on seed dormancy and tested methods to break dormancy in seeds of Urochloa hybrid cultivar ‘Mulato II’. Seeds stored for 10 months in indoor ambient conditions were studied to determine effects of seed structures on seed germination and their water permeability. Results showed that seed structures presented a barrier to water permeability. Removal of lemmas, puncturing the seed coat, seed structure removal and sulfuric acid immersion all reduced seed dormancy. Water and alcohol extracts from different parts of seeds inhibited seed germination of Brassica pekinensis seeds. There were 3 mechanisms responsible for seed dormancy; first, the mechanical barrier of seed structures, which excluded water and reduced gas exchange as well as restricting growth of the embryo; second, an endogenous germination inhibitor mainly found in lemmas; and third, water permeability of the seed coat (including pericarp and testa). The mechanical removal of lemmas and immersion in concentrated sulfuric acid reduced seed dormancy, although mechanical removal of the lemma alone was effective, convenient and safer.

Vegetable refers to a kind of plant or fungus that can be used for cooking and becoming food. It provides a variety of vitamins, minerals and other nutrients necessary for human body. It is an important cash crop for people. Plant growth and development is greatly affected by light and temperature conditions, especially vegetables will directly affect the economic benefits. To explore light temperature conditions on the vegetable seed crop growth and development, the influence of this experiment will by creating the light of the different temperature conditions on the Thai water convolvulus, Tianjin 60 Chinese cabbage, Celandine wheat and precocious 8, four kinds of vegetable seeds processing, temperature different light on the conditions of the four kinds of vegetable seeds and seedling bud rate, root weight. Two experiments, respectively, set up four controls, the results showed that different vegetable seeds need appropriate illumination and temperature conditions vary, but most of the germination rate and grew well in about 25 °C, 18 hours of light and dark 6 hours under the condition of the most suitable for their growth.

In this study, different ploidy wheat were used as experimental materials to explore the effects of different concentrations of NaCl stress on (Triticum aestivum L.) of different wheat. The effects of varieties, germination period and seedling growth provide a theoretical basis for the cultivation of salt-tolerant wheat varieties. 3AA6, Chinese Spring and longdon were used as experimental materials to analyze the indexes of wheat germination energy, germination rate, root length and high salt tolerance of wheat under different concentrations of NaCl solution stress. With the increase of NaCl salt concentration, the germination energy, germination rate, plant height, root length, seedling and root fresh quality of the three wheat varieties decreased gradually. The effect of NaCl on the growth of wheat seedlings at germination stage was mainly to inhibit the growth of roots and buds, in which the growth rate of roots was inhibited most strongly by salt stress, followed by the growth rate of buds, and the inhibition on the number of roots was the least. There were significant differences among varieties and concentrations. According to the performance of the three experimental varieties, Chinese spring showed strong salt tolerance at seedling stage, longdon showed poor salt tolerance, and 3AA6 showed the worst salt tolerance at seedling stage.