Evaluation of the cytotoxic effects of sodium hypochlorite on human dental stem cells

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the influence of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on human dental stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Method: Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), periodontal ligament stem cell (PDLSCs), and gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) were treated with NaOCl. Cell viability was evaluated with cellular counting kit-8 (CCK8), and cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were analyzed by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and subsequent flow cytometry. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blotting were performed to detect the expressions of differentiation markers. Results: The viability and ATP levels of all three stem cells types were impaired by NaOCl in a concentration-and time-dependent manners. However, the decrease ATP in GMSCs was less than the other two stem cell population (p < 0.05). NaOCl treatment significantly suppressed the proliferation of dental stem cells (p < 0.05). With regard to differentiation marker expression levels, the decrease in Stro-1 was greater in treatment groups when compared to control on Day 7, while increase in levels of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and osteocalcin (OC) was smaller (p < 0.05). The expressional changes of Stro-1, DSPP, BSP, and OC were more prominent in DPSMs and PDLSCs than in GMSCs. Conclusion: NaOCl dose-dependently impairs the viability, proliferation and differentiation of dental stem cells. Thus, its toxicity to dental stem cells needs to be considered in clinical application.

The cytotoxic effects of various endodontic irrigants on the viability of dental mesenchymal stem cells

“…Similarly, NaOCl with a concentration of 6% was reported to have devastating effects on MSCs, while NaOCl with a concentration of 1.5% had lesser negative effects (4). In another in vitro study, it was shown that NaOCl negatively affects viability, proliferation capacity and differentiation potential, and this effect is time and concentration dependent (20). In this study, 100‐fold dilution of 6% NaOCl did not create a significant reduction in the viability of MSCs in 10‐ and 60‐min exposures compared with the control.…”

The Effects of Intracanal Irrigants and Medicaments on Dental-Derived Stem Cells Fate in Regenerative Endodontics: An update

“…Other studies observed that DPSCs did not attach to the dentin surfaces treated by 5.25% [27,30], and 6% of NaOCl [24]. Moreover, an in vitro study demonstrated that NaOCl can deteriorate viability, proliferation and differentiation of dental-derived MSCs, such as DPSCs, PDLSCs, and GMSCs in concentration-and time-dependent manner [34].…”

Survival and Adherence of Apical Stem Cells to Root Canal Dentin after Conditioning with Apple Vinegar

“…Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCL) is used as main irrigant due to its antimicrobial ability and unique organic tissue dissolving action. However, it has been found that it decreases the viability of the stem cells in concentration and time dependent manner (13) . NaOCl to be effective, its application time should be about 5 minutes (4) .…”

“…It was reported that 17% EDTA can be used as disinfectant (14) . It has been found that 17% EDTA affects the physicochemical properties of dentin, like changes in chemical composition, topography and wettability which in turn affects the attachment of stem cells to dentin (13) .…”