How to prolong life by diet has been widely concerned. There are many reports about the effects of different dietary patterns on life span, but the results are not consistent. The main reason may be that total energy intake has not been considered. This study aims to explore the effects of isocaloric different dietary patterns on population life span. Materials and Methods: From the data of the follow-up population, eligible participators were divided into normal control (NC) group (28.31% fat, 12.37% protein, 62.30% carbohydrate), isocaloric high-fat (IHF) group (38.39% fat, 12.21% protein, 51.32% carbohydrate), isocaloric high-protein (IHP) group (33.41% fat, 17.10% protein, 52.67% carbohydrate) and isocaloric high-carbohydrate (IHC) group (22.23% fat, 10.52% protein, 70.13% carbohydrate) according to the dietary structure and the age stratification. Global serum metabolic profiling analysis by UPLC−Q-TOF-MS/MS technology, fatty acid and amino acid profiles in serum were determined by GC-MS and UPLC-TQ-MS technology. One-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett post hoc test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used to statistical analysis. Results: Non-targeted metabolomics was to identify 18 potential metabolites related to longevity. ROC curve analysis to identify biomarkers indicated that the areas under the ROC (AUC) of the 12 of 18 biomarkers are above 0.9. The 12 biomarkers were mainly enriched in three metabolic pathways: lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism and tricarboxylic acid cycle. Compared to control, 11 and 10 of 12 biomarkers showed the same trend with aging in IHP and IHC groups, respectively. Conversely, no differences were observed between IHF group and NC group. Conclusion:Without consideration of the nature of carbohydrates, fats and proteins, IHP and IHC diets might shorten life span by influencing amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism, while the isocaloric IHF diet has no effects on longevity.

Background: Whether beverage consumption pattern is associated with risk of metanolic syndrome (MetS) and stroke is of public health interest. Methods: We examined the associations between the healthy beverage index (HBI) scores with prevalence of MetS and stroke among 4162 participants aged 20-80 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2014) in U.S. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate odd ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), while adjusting for potential confounders and stratifying by gender. Results: For the prevalence of stroke, there was an inverse association between HBI scores and stroke (adj. OR for Q4 versus Q1: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.27–0.81), and gender stratified models were similar. However, there was a positive association between HBI scores and MetS (adj. OR for Q4 versus Q1: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.46–1.79) in the total participants, and gender stratified models were different. Higher HBI scores was associated with lower prevalence of MetS in females (adj. OR for Q4 versus Q1: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.65–1.38), but with higher prevalence of MetS in males (adj. OR for Q4 versus Q1: 2.02; 95% CI: 1.37–2.99). Further analyses demonstrated differences in the association of SSBs, coffee and tea, alcohol, diet drinks and full-fat milk consumption with MetS and stroke in the total subjects, males and females. Conclusions: Our findings suggested that the HBI scores was a negative association with stroke in a representative U.S. population, and the higher HBI scores was associated with increased prevalence of MetS in males but decreased in females, which may be caused by the same beverage may play a different role in the prevalence of MetS and stroke in the total participants,males and females.