Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) helicases play important roles in viral multiplication and interactions with host organisms. They can also be targeted by antiviral agents. Cytosinpeptidemycin has a good control effect against TMV. However, the mechanism of action is unclear. In this study, we expressed and purified TMV superfamily 1 helicase (TMV-Hel) and analyzed its three-dimensional structure.

Steel-concrete composite (SCC) columns have widely been applied in modern construction industry owing to the composite action between the concrete and the steel. The benefits of SCC columns can be further achieved if the confinement effect of concrete is applied. Therefore, this paper presents an innovative square steel-concrete composite (ISSCC) column made of four steel tubes at the corners and corrugated steel batten plates on all sides. Through the experimental and finite element (FE) numerical simulation calculations, the axial compression performance and seismic performance of the ISSCC column were discussed, and the FE model was verified through experimental results. The seismic performance of the ISSCC column was compared and analyzed with reinforced concrete column under different axial compression ratios. The research showed that FE models can accurately simulate the deformation, stress, and failure states of the ISSCC column under axial pressure and horizontal low cyclic load. Furthermore, the ISSCC column performed good ductility and energy dissipation capacity, and the seismic performance index was better than the reinforced concrete column and had better seismic performance. The results of this study can provide reference for the design and development of the new composite column.

In this study, water and air were used as simulated media to investigate the spray characteristics of a gas-centered swirl coaxial (GCSC) injector under different ambient pressures through experimental, simulation, and theoretical approaches. The results showed that for the same liquid mass flow rate, the breakup length of the liquid film decreased with increasing ambient pressure, with the extent of the decrease diminishing as the ambient pressure increased. In addition, it was found that under the same ambient pressure, the larger the liquid mass flow rate, the shorter the liquid film breakup length. Moreover, for any gas–liquid mass flow ratio (GLR), the spray angle increased significantly with ambient pressure, and the liquid film suddenly expanded compared to the no-ambient pressure condition. At the same time, the breakup length of the liquid film increased. As ambient pressure increased, the spray angle increased while the breakup length decreased. When the GLR was small, self-pulsation occurred, which gradually disappeared with increasing ambient pressure. The frequency of self-pulsation decreased with increasing ambient pressure. The periodic self-pulsation of the spray was the result of the combined effects of the centrifugal force of the rotating liquid film, surface tension of the liquid film, aerodynamic force, and pressure difference inside and outside the liquid film. Overall, these findings provide insight into the spray characteristics of GCSC injectors under different ambient pressures, which can be of importance to the design and optimization of liquid rocket engines.