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A novel lubricating material of hierarchical carbon fiber-MoS 2 ultrathin nanosheets (CF-MoS 2 ) was fabricated by one-step hydrothermal solution reaction method. The corresponding phase composition, morphology and formation mechanism were systematically determined by XRD, FESEM and TEM. And the effects of CF-MoS 2 on the tribological properties of epoxy (EP) were investigated comparatively using universal micro-tribotester-2 (UMT-2). Results showed that MoS 2 ultrathin nanosheets with the thickness of 5-8nm and size of 300-500nm were synthesized successfully. And several MoS 2 nanosheets assembled together in flower-like shape and were attached onto CF surface uniformly. Furthermore, the XRD pattern analysis of as-prepared CF-MoS 2 confirmed that MoS 2 was in the form of hexagonal phase. Besides, the shore hardness of EP matrix was improved obviously by the incorporation of CF-MoS 2 , suggesting the load-carrying capacity of EP was enhanced. More importantly, EP/CF-MoS 2 composite had much better tribological properties than EP and other EP-based composites (EP/CF and EP/MoS 2 ) 2 because of the reinforcement effect of CF and lubricating effect of MoS 2 . In particular, EP/CF-MoS 2 composite still possessed good friction-reducing and anti-wear properties under heavy loads. Namely, hierarchical CF-MoS 2 was a promising additive to be used in tribology field.

In China, H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) has become widely prevalent in poultry, causing huge economic losses after secondary infection with other pathogens. Importantly, H9N2 AIV continuously infects humans, and its six internal genes frequently reassort with other influenza viruses to generate novel influenza viruses that infect humans, threatening public health. Inactivated whole-virus vaccines have been used to control H9N2 AIV in China for more than 20 years, and they can alleviate clinical symptoms after immunization, greatly reducing economic losses. However, H9N2 AIVs can still be isolated from immunized chickens and have recently become the main epidemic subtype. A more effective vaccine prevention strategy might be able to address the current situation. Herein, we analyze the current status and vaccination strategy against H9N2 AIV and summarize the progress in vaccine development to provide insight for better H9N2 prevention and control.

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