We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) with replication in 36,180 Chinese individuals and performed further transancestry meta-analyses with data from the Psychiatry Genomics Consortium (PGC2). Approximately 95% of the genome-wide significant (GWS) index alleles (or their proxies) from the PGC2 study were overrepresented in Chinese schizophrenia cases, including ∼50% that achieved nominal significance and ∼75% that continued to be GWS in the transancestry analysis. The Chinese-only analysis identified seven GWS loci; three of these also were GWS in the transancestry analyses, which identified 109 GWS loci, thus yielding a total of 113 GWS loci (30 novel) in at least one of these analyses. We observed improvements in the fine-mapping resolution at many susceptibility loci. Our results provide several lines of evidence supporting candidate genes at many loci and highlight some pathways for further research. Together, our findings provide novel insight into the genetic architecture and biological etiology of schizophrenia.

q A B S T R A C TIn an attempt to overcome problems associated with the reversible lithium electrode in organic solvent-based electrolytes, the electrochemical characteristics of a number of binary and ternary lithium alloys in propylene carbonate have been studied. Thermodynamic and kinetic results for the Li-Sn, Li-Sb, and Li-Bi systems are reported here. In each of these systems, one or more two-phase regions with apparently rapid transformation kinetics at ambient temperature have been identified. Lithium chemical potentials and partial molar entropies for the alloys have been determined. Constant current charge-discharge characteristics and diffusion coefficient data have also been obtained.Although a number of attractive positive electrode materials have been developed for use in secondary lithium ambient temperature organic solvent-based electrolyte cells, significant problems are associated with the use of pure lithium negative electrodes in such cells (1-5). The primary problem is the interaction between pure lithium and species within the solvent which causes the formation of filamentary growth or dendrites as well as macroseopic shape changes during the recharge process. This can result in disconnection and electrical isolation of active material, and sometimes electrical shorting between the electrodes. Many different possible approaches to solve this problem have been explored (6). One of these is to use a lithium alloy instead of pure lithium. In this case, one can avoid plating lithium at unit activity. If the diffusion of the lithium into an alloy is fast enough, so that the lithium activity at the surface never reaches unity, no filaments or dendrites will be formed. Disadvantages in the use of such alloys are lowered cell voltage and increased weight, and thus, decreases in the associated specific energy and energy density. Therefore, such an approach can be viewed as a trade-off in which one sacrifices specific energy for an improvement in cycle life.Lithium aluminum alloys (Li-Al) have been widely investigated for use in organic solvent-based electrolytes at room temperature (7-9). Considering the potential of the relevant two-phase plateau and its specific capacity, such lithium aluminum alloys are among the better candidates for use in lithium batteries (0.385V against lithium, 0.79 Ah/g at 25~ However, due to the large volume change accompanying the phase transformation that occurs during the removal or addition of lithium, such electrodes show unsatisfactory mechanical stability during chargedischarge cycles.A series of investigations of the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of this alloy, as well as other alloy systems, such as Li-Sn, Li-Sb, Li-Bi. Li-Pb, and Li-Cd, has been carried out at elevated temperatures, using LiCI-KC1 molten salts at approximately 400~ (10-13) and LiNOz-KNO3 molten salts at approximately 150~ (14). It was found that some phases in these systems show very high rates of lithium diffusion: up to 10 -4 cm~/s in the ease of Lie.6Sn at 400~ (14). Some of these mater...

Robust ionic sensing materials that are both fatigue-resistant and self-healable like human skin are essential for soft electronics and robotics with extended service life. However, most existing self-healable artificial ionic skins produced on the basis of network reconfiguration suffer from a low fatigue threshold due to the easy fracture of low-energy amorphous polymer chains with susceptible crack propagation. Here we engineer a fatigue-free yet fully healable hybrid ionic skin toughened by a high-energy, self-healable elastic nanomesh, resembling the repairable nanofibrous interwoven structure of human skin. Such a design affords a superhigh fatigue threshold of 2950 J m−2 while maintaining skin-like compliance, stretchability, and strain-adaptive stiffening response. Moreover, nanofiber tension-induced moisture breathing of ionic matrix leads to a record-high strain-sensing gauge factor of 66.8, far exceeding previous intrinsically stretchable ionic conductors. This concept creates opportunities for designing durable ion-conducting materials that replicate the unparalleled combinatory properties of natural skins more precisely.

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Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), and remains a leading public health problem. Previous studies have identified host genetic factors that contribute to Mtb infection outcomes. However, much of the heritability in TB remains unaccounted for and additional susceptibility loci most likely exist. We perform a multistage genome-wide association study on 2949 pulmonary TB patients and 5090 healthy controls (833 cases and 1220 controls were genome-wide genotyped) from Han Chinese population. We discover two risk loci: 14q24.3 (rs12437118, Pcombined = 1.72 × 10−11, OR = 1.277, ESRRB) and 20p13 (rs6114027, Pcombined = 2.37 × 10−11, OR = 1.339, TGM6). Moreover, we determine that the rs6114027 risk allele is related to decreased TGM6 transcripts in PBMCs from pulmonary TB patients and severer pulmonary TB disease. Furthermore, we find that tgm6-deficient mice are more susceptible to Mtb infection. Our results provide new insights into the genetic etiology of TB.