Semiconductor design houses rely on third-party foundries to manufacture their integrated circuits (IC). While this trend allows them to tackle fabrication costs, it introduces security concerns as external (and potentially malicious) parties can access critical parts of the designs and steal or modify the Intellectual Property (IP). Embedded FPGA (eFPGA) redaction is a promising technique to protect critical IPs of an ASIC by redacting (i.e., removing) critical parts and mapping them onto a custom reconfigurable fabric. Only trusted parties will receive the correct bitstream to restore the redacted functionality. While previous studies imply that using an eFPGA is a sufficient condition to provide security against IP threats like reverseengineering, whether this truly holds for all eFPGA architectures is unclear, thus motivating the study in this paper. We examine the security of eFPGA fabrics generated by varying different FPGA design parameters. We characterize the power, performance, and area (PPA) characteristics and evaluate each fabric's resistance to SAT-based bitstream recovery. Our results encourage designers to work with custom eFPGA fabrics rather than off-the-shelf commercial FPGAs and reveals that only considering a redaction fabric's bitstream size is inadequate for gauging security.

The present study was carried out to investigate "Effect of GA3 and growing media on seed germination of papaya (Carica papaya L.) cv. Pusa Nanha". The study revealed that the treatments comprised combinations of soil, FYM, and vermicompost with varying levels of GA3. The result indicated that GA3 200 ppm is found to be the most effective for better germination of papaya seedlings. Among different growing media the treatment soil + FYM + vermicompost (1:1:1) was recorded higher values of germination parameters that are germination percentage, germination period, seed vigour (%), and germination index. The treatment combination of GA3 200 ppm and growing media of soil: FYM: vermicompost (1:1:1) was found most suitable for growing of papaya nursery.

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Recently, eFPGA-based redaction has been proposed as a promising solution for hiding parts of a digital design from untrusted entities, where legitimate end-users can restore functionality by loading the withheld bitstream after fabrication. However, when deciding which parts of a design to redact, there are a number of practical issues that designers need to consider, including area and timing overheads, as well as security factors. Adapting an open-source FPGA fabric generation flow, we perform a case study to explore the trade-offs when redacting different modules of open-source intellectual property blocks (IPs) and explore how different parts of an eFPGA contribute to the security. We provide new insights into the feasibility and challenges of using eFPGA-based redaction as a security solution.

Background: Soybean (Glysin max L.) is one of the most important oil seed cum pulse crop cultivated in Ratlam district of Madhya Pradesh. The present investigation was carried out at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Ratlam during kharif 2021-22 and 2022-23, to demonstrate the improved variety JS-2029 and RVS 2001-4 with the scientific package and practices to improve the production of soybean. Methods: The present research of Cluster Front Line Demonstrations (CFLDs) was conduct during kharif season 2021-22 and 2022-23 by KVK Ratlam, under rained condition. An extensive survey was conducted to collect in sequence from preferred farmers to give them enhanced package of put into practice. Privileged position performance was utilized to categorize the constraint faced by the farmers in soybean crop growing. Based on the evils face by the farmers, the cluster frontline demonstrations were designed. Result: In conclusion, potential yield of variety can be achieved by imparting scientific knowledge to the farmers, providing need based quality inputs in due time and proper and timely application of inputs. The average yield of demonstrated technology (18.95 q/ha) was higher than of local check (15.87 q/ha).