We demonstrate a simple method for quantitative phase imaging of tiny transparent objects such as living cells based on the transport of intensity equation. The experiments are performed using an inverted bright field microscope upgraded with a flipping imaging module, which enables to simultaneously create two laterally separated images with unequal defocus distances. This add-on module does not include any lenses or gratings and is cost-effective and easy-to-alignment. The validity of this method is confirmed by the measurement of microlens array and human osteoblastic cells in culture, indicating its potential in the applications of dynamically measuring living cells and other transparent specimens in a quantitative, non-invasive and label-free manner.

A dual-wavelength common-path digital holographic microscopy based on a single parallel glass plate is presented to achieve quantitative phase imaging, which combines the dual-wavelength technique with lateral shearing interferometry. Two illumination laser beams with different wavelengths (λ₁=532  nm and λ₂=632.8  nm) are reflected by the front and back surfaces of the parallel glass plate to create the lateral shear and form the digital hologram, and then the hologram is reconstructed to obtain the phase distribution with a synthetic wavelength Λ=3339.8  nm. The experimental configuration is very compact, with the advantages of vibration resistance and measurement range extension. The experimental results of the laser-ablated pit, groove, and staircase specimens show the feasibility of the proposed configuration.

We propose a compact and easy-to-align lateral shearing common-path digital holographic microscopy, which is based on a slightly trapezoid Sagnac interferometer to create two laterally sheared beams and form off-axis geometry. In this interferometer, the two beams pass through a set of identical optical elements in opposite directions and have nearly the same optical path difference. Without any vibration isolation, the temporal stability of the setup is found to be around 0.011 rad. Compared with highly simple lateral shearing interferometer, the off-axis angle of the setup can be easily adjusted and quantitatively controlled, meanwhile the image quality is not degraded. The experiments for measuring the static and dynamic specimens are performed to demonstrate the capability and applicability.

With the acceleration of urbanization and industrialization, regional development is becoming increasingly disordered. Thus, how to balance economic development and ecological protection is a key question. To comprehensively evaluate land development suitability, an evaluation index system for construction land and farmland suitability was established in this study based on natural and social-economic information. After selecting an island in China as the main case study in this work, the reference method was applied in grading and value assigning for all indices. In addition, the analytic hierarchy process and expert evaluation method were used to determine the index weighting. After scenario analysis was adopted in the study to analyze the impact of the policy orientation on the suitability evaluation, we finally evaluated the landscape ecological quality of different scenarios. Results showed the landscape ecological quality of a coordinated development scenario was the highest. The results indicated that coordinated development which takes the ecological protection and urban development into account may be a better choice for land planning.

We develop a transmission and total internal reflection (TIR) integrated digital holographic microscopy (DHM) by introducing a home-made Dove prism with a polished short side. With the help of angular and polarization multiplexing techniques, the 2D refractive index distribution of a specimen adhered on the prism surface is determined using TIR-DHM. Meanwhile, the thickness profile is unambiguously calculated from the phase information using transmission DHM. This integrated microscopy is nondestructive and dynamic and can be used to simultaneously measure the index distribution and thickness profile of transparent or semi-transparent liquid or solid samples.