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Nowadays, remote sensing technology is being used as an essential tool for monitoring and detecting oil spills to take precautions and to prevent the damages to the marine environment. As an important branch of remote sensing, satellite based synthetic aperture radar imagery (SAR) is the most effective way to accomplish these tasks. Since a marine surface with oil spill seems as a dark object because of much lower backscattered energy, the main problem is to recognize and differentiate the dark objects of oil spills from others to be formed by oceanographic and atmospheric conditions. In this study, Radarsat-1 images covering Lebanese coasts were employed for oil spill detection. For this purpose, a powerful classifier, Artificial Neural Network Multilayer Perceptron (ANN MLP) was used. As the original contribution of the paper, the network was trained by a novel heuristic optimization algorithm known as Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) method besides the conventional Backpropagation (BP) and Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) learning algorithms. A comparison and evaluation of different network training algorithms regarding reliability of detection and robustness show that for this problem best result is achieved with the Artificial Bee Colony algorithm (ABC).

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Deep neural networks (DNNs) for single image super-resolution (SISR) tend to have large model size and high computation complexity to achieve promising restoration performance. Unlike image classification, model compression for SISR has rarely been studied. In this paper, we found out that DNNs for image classification and SISR have often different characteristics in terms of layer importance. That is, contrary to the DNNs for image classification, the performance of SISR networks hardly decrease even if a few layers are eliminated during inference. This is due to the fact that they typically consist of a bunch of hierarchical and complex residual connections. Based on that key observation, we propose a layer-wise extreme network compression method for SISR. The proposed method consists of: i) reinforcement learning based joint framework for layer-wise quantization and pruning both of which are effectively incorporated into the search space; ii) a progressive preserve ratio scheduling that reflects importance in each layer more effectively, yielding much higher compression efficiency. Our comprehensive experiments show that the proposed method can effectively be applied to the existing SISR networks, thus extremely reducing the model size up to 97% (i.e., 1 bit per weight on average) with marginal performance degradation compared to the corresponding full-precision models.