The aqueous, methanol and chloroform extracts of Landolphia owariensis leaves (AELO, MELO & CELO respectively)

Summary:In this study we used several models for evaluation of probable anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of the flavonoid fraction of the leaves of Voacanga africana, using mice and rats. The extract (50 -150mg/kg, p.o) inhibited, in a dose-related manner, carrageenan induced paw oedema in rats. The extract caused a significant inhibition of the cotton-pellet granuloma. Vascular permeability induced by acetic-acid in the peritoneum of the animals was equally inhibited. The extract also exhibited significant analgesic action in acetic acid-induced pain in mice. There was reduction of writhings induced by acetic acid. In the formalin test, the extract caused inhibition of the neurogenic (first phase) and inflammatory phase (second phase) of formalininduced pain. The extract also produced anti-nociception in the animals, as assessed by the tail flick, hot-plate and limb-withdrawal tests. These findings suggest that the leaf extract of Voacanga africana has potent antiimfiammatory and anti-nociceptive action.

Summary:The aqueous (AENS), methanolic (MENS) and chloroform (CENS) extracts of the leaves of Nothospondias staudtii Engl (Anacardianceae) were screened for analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in mice and rats. Pain responses were studied in mice using the tail immersion and acetic acid induced writing while carrageenan induced paw oedema was used to access anti-inflammatory activity. The three extracts exhibited significant analgesic compared with the control (saline, 10ml/kg) as evidenced by (i) increased escape latency in the tail immersion assay (ii) reduction in abdominal writhing induced by acetic acid. The analgesic activity were higher in MENS & CENS compared to aspirin (150mg/kg). The extracts progressively reduced rat paw oedema induced by subplantar injection of carrageenan, the methanolic extract showing more pronounced effect than the aqueous and chloroform extracts. Preliminary phyto-chemical screening shows the presence of alkaloids, sugars, proteins and anti-oxidants in the extracts.

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