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BackgroundAll European countries need to increase the number of health professionals in the near future. Most efforts have not brought the expected results so far. The current notion is that this is mainly related to the fact that female physicians will clearly outnumber their male colleagues within a few years in nearly all European countries. Still, women are underrepresented in leadership and research positions throughout Europe.ObjectivesThe MedGoFem project addresses multiple perspectives with the participation of multiple stakeholders. The goal is to facilitate the implementation of Gender Equality Plans (GEP) in university hospitals; thereby, transforming the working conditions for women working as researchers and highly qualified physicians simultaneously. Our proposed innovation, a crosscutting topic in all research and clinical activities, must become an essential part of university hospital strategic concepts.MethodsWe capture the current status with gender-sensitive demographic data concerning medical staff and conduct Web-based surveys to identify cultural, country-specific, and interdisciplinary factors conducive to women’s academic success. Individual expectations of employees regarding job satisfaction and working conditions will be visualized based on “personal construct theory” through repertory grids. An expert board working out scenarios and a gender topic agenda will identify culture-, nation-, and discipline-specific aspects of gender equality. University hospitals in 7 countries will establish consensus groups, which work on related topics. Hospital management supports the consensus groups, valuates group results, and shares discussion results and suggested measures across groups. Central findings of the consensus groups will be prepared as exemplary case studies for academic teaching on research and work organization, leadership, and management.ResultsA discussion group on gender equality in academic medicine will be established on an internationally renowned open-research platform. Project results will be published in peer-reviewed journals with high-impact factors. In addition, workshops on gender dimension in research using the principles of Gendered Innovation will be held. Support and consulting services for hospitals will be introduced in order to develop a European consulting service.ConclusionsThe main impact of the project will be the implementation of innovative GEP tailored to the needs of university hospitals, which will lead to measurable institutional change in gender equality. This will impact the research at university hospitals in general, and will improve career prospects of female researchers in particular. Simultaneously, the gender dimension in medical research as an innovation factor and mandatory topic will be strengthened and integrated in each individual university hospital research activity. Research funding organizations can use the built knowledge to include mandatory topics for funding applications to enforce the use and implementation of GEP in university hosp...

Background German emergency medical services are a 2-tiered system with paramedic-staffed ambulances as the primary response, supported by prehospital emergency doctors for life-threatening conditions. As in all European health care systems, German medical practitioners are in short supply, whereas the demand for timely emergency medical care is constantly growing. In rural areas, this has led to critical delays in the provision of emergency medical care. In particular, in cases of cardiac arrest, time is of the essence because, with each passing minute, the chance of survival with good neurological outcome decreases. Objective The project has 4 main objectives: (1) reduce the therapy-free interval through widespread reinforcement of resuscitation skills and motivating the public to provide help (ie, bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation), (2) provide faster professional first aid in addition to rescue services through alerting trained first aiders by mobile phone, (3) make more emergency physicians available more quickly through introducing the tele-emergency physician system, and (4) enhance emergency care through improving the cooperation between statutory health insurance on-call medical services (German: Kassenärztlicher Bereitschaftsdienst) and emergency medical services. Methods We will evaluate project implementation in a tripartite prospective and intervention study. First, in medical evaluation, we will assess the influences of various project measures on quality of care using multiple methods. Second, the economic evaluation will mainly focus on the valuation of inputs and outcomes of the different measures while considering various relevant indicators. Third, as part of the work and organizational analysis, we will assess important work- and occupational-related parameters, as well as network and regional indexes. Results We started the project in 2017 and will complete enrollment in 2020. We finished the preanalysis phase in September 2018. Conclusions Overall, implementation of the project will entail realigning emergency medicine in rural areas and enhancing the quality of medical emergency care in the long term. We expect the project to lead to a measurable increase in medical laypersons’ individual motivation to provide resuscitation, to strengthen resuscitation skills, and to result in medical laypersons providing first aid much more frequently. Furthermore, we intend the project to decrease the therapy-free interval in cases of cardiac arrest by dispatching first aiders via mobile phones. Previous projects in urban regions have shown that the tele-emergency physician system can provide a higher availability and quality of emergency call-outs in regular health care. We expect a closer interrelation of emergency practices of statutory health insurance physicians with the rescue service to lead to better coordination of rescue and on-call services. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/14358

Zusammenfassung Zielsetzung In der Notfallversorgung besteht insbesondere in ländlich geprägten Regionen ein Zielkonflikt zwischen hoher Versorgungsqualität und effizientem Mitteleinsatz. Eine mögliche Lösung könnte der Telenotarzt darstellen, der mittels Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien noch vor Eintreffen des Notarztes oder diesen ersetzend mit der ärztlichen Behandlung beginnen kann.Folgend werden die Kosten eines Telenotarzt-System dargestellt. Die Analyse basiert auf der Einführung eines Telenotarzt-Systems im Landkreis Vorpommern-Greifswald. Methodik Als Datengrundlage dienten die im Rahmen der Einführung des Telenotarzt-Systems im Landkreis Vorpommern-Greifswald angefallenen Kosten. Sämtliche Kosten wurden zu den Positionen Sach- und immaterielle Investitionen sowie jährliche Betriebs- und Personalkosten zusammengefasst. Weiterhin wurden die Investitionskosten anteilig berücksichtigt, so dass eine Jahresbetrachtung möglich war. Abschließend wurden die Kosten zu einer Kostenfunktion summiert. Ergebnisse Bei Zusammenführung aller angefallenen Kosten im Rahmen des Projektes Land|Rettung entstehen jährlich für jeden telenotarztfähigen Rettungswagen Kosten in Höhe von 20 842 €. Unter der Annahme eines betriebenen Telenotarzt-Arbeitsplatzes, belaufen sich die jährlichen Sach-, Personal- und Betriebskosten in dem Kreis insgesamt auf 1 049 466 €. Hierin enthalten sind die Investitions- und Betriebskosten des Telenotarzt-Arbeitsplatzes sowie allgemeine Komponenten des Telenotarzt-Systems (beispielsweise Netzwerk und Personalschulungen). Schlussfolgerung Das Telenotarzt-System, so wie es im Kreis Vorpommern-Greifswald entwickelt wurde, ist grundsätzlich auch für andere ländliche Regionen eine sinnvolle Maßnahme zur Verbesserung der Notfallversorgung. Wie das Beispiel aus Nordostdeutschland zeigt, sind die Kosten jedoch nicht vernachlässigbar. Bei der Übertragung auf andere Regionen können die Kosten abweichen, denn die Größe, der Urbanisierungsgrad sowie die geographische Lage einer Region beeinflussen die Kostenfunktion. Die hier vorgelegte Analyse gibt jedoch einen ersten Ansatz, um diese Kosten abschätzen zu können und damit eine evidenzbasierte Entscheidung über den Einsatz eines Telenotarztes treffen zu können.

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