In this study, the MI of lymphocyte cultured received the medium containing CA-stimulated macrophages showed a higher proliferation index (p<0.01) than the lymphocytes cultured in a medium without CA-treated macrophages. Our results suggest that CA treatment, in addition to activating macrophages, indirectly induces lymphocyte proliferation and has potential as a new adjuvant therapeutic approach.

Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma (JNA) is a rare benign tumor with primary involvement of the nasopharynx in 98% of cases. It is responsible for 0.5% of tumors of the head and neck, occurring in 1/150,000 individuals. Patients between 14 and 25 years old are particularly affected, with a predominance almost exclusively of males. Despite having a benign nature, AFJ has the potential to grow and involve neighboring structures, which highlights the importance of an attempted diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. This work serves to make a JNA theoretical review and present an endoscopic resection video of a JNA in a young male after a pre-op embolization of the tumour, which was essential for the success of the surgical intervention. JNA is an aggressive and locally invasive tumor that can recur after surgery, so an early diagnosis, adequate staging and the appropriate therapeutic plan are essential for the resolution of the clinical situation.

Introduction: Carcinoma Ex Pleomorphic Adenoma (CEPA) results from the malignant transformation of a benign tumor of the Salivary Glands (SG), the Pleomorphic Adenoma (PA). PA is considered the most common salivary tumor with a 5% risk of malignant transformation and its excision is recommended. CEPA is a rare tumor, corresponding to 3.6% of all salivary tumors and 11.6% of all GS carcinomas. About 18% of CEPAs affect minor SG, with the palate being the most common location. The present work serves to describe a case of a CEPA of the Uvula Minor SG (UMSG). Case Report: We present a case report of a 57-year-old patient, with no relevant medical history, referred to the ENT consultation due to the appearance and progressive growth of a painless uvula lesion. The objective ENT examination showed a 15 mm ulcerative-vegetating lesion with apparent origin on the posterior face of the uvula. The lesion was biopsied and histopathological examination identified the presence of a neoplasm of the minor SG, probably NOS adenocarcinoma. The patient underwent Computed Tomography (CT) scan that showed an irregularity of the uvula, with no signs of invasion of the remaining soft palate, without other significant pharyngo-laryngeal changes. The patient underwent partial pharyngectomy and bilateral selective cervical ganglion dissection, and the histopathology of the surgical specimen confirmed that it was an invasive CEPA, the malignant component of the tumor corresponding to a NOS adenocarcinoma of the UMSG. The patient has been followed up in the ENT consultation, with no signs so far of loco-regional recurrence. Discussion/Conclusion: In the presented case, the patient probably developed an undiagnosed PA that had become malignant over time. Given that it is a poor prognosis neoplasm, it’s essential that the ENT specialists are aware of this disease, in order to facilitate and anticipate the diagnosis and treatment as much as possible.