As quedas são um problema de saúde pública entre os idosos, em vista da mortalidade, morbidade e dos custos social e econômico decorrentes. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a relação do histórico relatado de quedas em um grupo de sujeitos com mais de 65 anos de idade, participantes de um programa de atividades físicas, com variáveis apontadas pela literatura como associadas ao risco desses eventos: visão, uso de medicamentos, doenças associadas, flexibilidade, força e equilíbrio. Após entrevista com um grupo inicial de 72 sujeitos, foram selecionadas 30 pessoas cujos relatos indicaram maior freqüência de quedas nos últimos 12 meses e após os 65 anos de idade. As variáveis de exposição foram testadas neste subgrupo e os resultados comparados com a freqüência de quedas por meio de estatística descritiva (valores absolutos e relativos), com uso de tabelas de contingência confeccionadas para cada variável. Os resultados indicaram que a deterioração da visão, uso simultâneo de medicamentos (especialmente diuréticos e psicoativos) e flexibilidade reduzida (quadril e tornozelos) parecem associar-se com a freqüência de quedas nos períodos observados. Esses fatores deveriam ser considerados em programas para prevenção de quedas em idosos.

BackgroundThe association between self-rated health (SRH) and mortality is well documented in the literature, but studies on the subject among young adults in Latin America are rare, as are those evaluating this association using repeated SRH measures, beyond the baseline measurement. This study aims to evaluate the association between SRH evaluated at three data collection stages and mortality.MethodsCox regression models were used to examine the association between SRH (Very good, Good, Fair/Poor) varying over time and mortality, over a 10 year period, in a cohort of non-faculty civil servants at a public university in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Pró-Saúde Study, n = 4009, men = 44.4%).ResultsAbout 40% of the population changed their self-rating over the course of follow-up. After adjustment for self-reported physician-diagnosed chronic diseases and other covariates, men who reported “Fair/Poor” SRH showed relative hazard of death of 2.13 (CI95% 1.03-4.40) and women, 3.43 (CI95% 1.23-9.59), as compared with those who reported “Very good” SRH.ConclusionsIn a population of young adults, our findings reinforce the role of SRH as a predictor of mortality, even controlling for objective measures of health.

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BackgroundThis study investigated whether self-reported race/skin colour and perceived racial discrimination predict higher obesity incidence after approximately 4-year follow-up of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). We also investigated whether these associations are modified by educational level.MethodsFollowing exclusion of individuals defined as obese (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) at baseline, associations between race/skin colour and obesity incidence between the first (2008–2010) and second (2012–2014) visits were investigated in 10 130 participants. Next, associations between perceived racial discrimination and obesity incidence among black (n=1532) and brown (n=2958) individuals were investigated separately. Racial discrimination (yes/no) was assessed using the Lifetime Major Event Scale. Logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex and research site were used. All analyses were stratified for educational level.ResultsObesity risk was higher in Blacks with high education compared with white individuals to the same education level (OR: 2.22; 95% CI 1.62 to 3.04) following adjustments. After adjustments, obesity incidence was higher among black individuals reporting racial discrimination compared with peers who did not report this experience, but only among the low education group (OR: 1.64; 95% CI 1.08 to 2.51). No statistical association with perceived discrimination was observed among brown individuals.ConclusionResults are congruent with findings from other studies reporting associations between racial inequality and obesity incidence and also suggest racial discrimination may be one of the mechanisms leading to such inequalities. Also, it supports the paradox theory by which education modify the association in distinct directions.

This study investigated whether the association between body image dissatisfaction and poor self-rated health is mediated by insufficient physical activity and unhealthy eating habits. The participants were 6727 men and 8037 women from the baseline (2008–2010) of the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto, ELSA-Brasil). Structural equation modelling was used. Associations were found between body image dissatisfaction and poor self-rated health in both sexes. Insufficient physical activity was a mediator. However, unhealthy eating habits were found to exert a mediator effect only via insufficient physical activity. Body image dissatisfaction was found to associate, both directly and possibly indirectly, with poor self-rated health, mediated by insufficient physical activity and unhealthy eating habits. Accordingly, encouraging physical activity and healthy eating can contribute to reducing body image dissatisfaction and favour better self-rated health.