Kratak sadr`aj: Cilj studije bio je da se odredi antioksidantni kapacitet u krvi kod mu{karaca i `ena u odnosu na njihovu starost. Ispitano je 19 mu{karaca (YM) i 19 `ena (YW) starosti 25-32 godine, kao i 11 mu{karaca (OM) i 11 ena (OW) starosti 63-71 godine, koji su svi bili neaktivni. Odre|eni su slede}i faktori: aktivnost superoksid dismutaze (SOD), glutation-reduktaze (GR), glutation-peroksidaze (GPX), katalaze (CAT), ukupni antioksidantni status (TAS) u eritrocitima, kao i retinol, alfa-tokoferol, mokra}na kiseli na i ukupne koncentracije proteina u plazmi. Izra~unat je zbir standardizovanih aktivnosti antioksidantnih enzima ka ko bi se uporedile promene u ukupnom kapacitetu anti oksi dantne odbrane u eritrocitima vezane za starosno doba. Nisu uo~e -ne zna~ajne promene vezane za starosno doba u aktivnosti SOD; srednja aktivnost CAT bila je vi{a kod starijih `ena i mu{karaca nego kod mla|ih ispitanika. Srednja aktivnost GPX bila je vi{a a aktivnost GR ni`a kod starijih ispitanika u pore|enju s mla|ima. Izra ~u nati ukupni antioksidantni enzimski kapacitet u eritrocitima dao je sli~ne vrednosti kod mla|ih i kod starijih ispitanika. Nisu uo~ene zna~ajne razlike u koncentracijama retinola i alfa-tokoferola u plazmi u odnosu na pol ili starosno doba. Ukupni nivo proteina u plazmi bio je zna~ajno ni`i kod mladih `ena i mu{karaca u pore|enju sa starijim ispitani cima. Zaklju~eno je da se ukupni enzimski antio ksidantni kapacitet u eritrocitima ne menja s godinama. Dobijeni rezultati jasno pokazuju da u procesu starenja u~estvuje vi{e faktora.

Study design: A cross-sectional study with comparison group. Objectives: To examine the effect of rugby training on the blood antioxidant capacity in able-bodied and wheelchair rugby players with tetraplegia. Setting: Poland. Methods: Four groups of subjects participated in the study: sedentary able-bodied males (group SA, n¼19), sedentary males with tetraplegia (group ST, n¼10), able-bodied rugby players (group RA, n¼22) and wheelchair rugby players with tetraplegia (group RT, n¼14). The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT) were determined in erythrocyte hemolysates, whereas glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity was determined in whole-blood hemolysates. Concentrations of total antioxidant status (TAS) was determined in plasma. Results: SOD activity was significantly higher in the group SA compared with group ST and group RA. No significant differences occurred within the tetraplegic groups: RT and ST. Resting CAT and GPX activities were significantly higher in both the groups of rugby players than in the respective group of sedentary males. There were no differences in GR activity among all the studied groups. Plasma TAS concentration was higher in both the groups of able-bodied males compared with the respective groups of tetraplegics. The present study is the first to conduct an evaluation of wheelchair rugby training-induced adaptations to oxidative stress in individuals with tetraplegia. Conclusion: Adaptive response to training was similar in both able-bodied and wheelchair rugby players, and it was characterized by increased erythrocyte CAT and GPX activities in resting conditions improving resistance to oxidative stress.

Effects of age, gender and physical activity on plasma lipid profile Study aim: To assess the effects of gender, age and engagement in physical activities of elderly subjects on their plasma lipid profiles. Material and methods: Four groups of subjects, n = 11 each, participated in the study: young men (YM) and women (YW), aged 25 - 32 years, and sedentary, elderly men (EM) and women (EW), aged 58 - 66 years; additionally, a group of 7 women (AW), aged 60 - 65 years, who trained twice weekly (45-min sessions) for 8 months, was studied. The following concentrations of lipids in plasma were recorded: triacylglycerols (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and its fractions: HDLC and LDLC (computed), as well as the TC/HDLC ratio. Results: Lipid profiles were, generally, less favourable in elderly than in younger subjects, high HDLC values noted in active, elderly women being an exception. In elderly subjects, men's profiles were closer to those of younger subjects than in elderly women and differed significantly (p<0.001) lower for TC and LDLC compared with EW group. Triacylglycerols were within normal limits in all groups except EW; LDLC values were mostly abnormally high, the percentages of subjects having normal values ranging from 0 (YM and EW) to 27% (YW). Conclusions: The age-dependent worsening of lipid profiles increased the risk of cardiovascular diseases in sedentary elderly subjects. On the other hand, the beneficial effects of motor activities on lipid profile observed in elderly women evidence the indispensability recommending of physical exercises to the elderly.

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