The Ovis aries species is phenotypically diverse and it is bred around the world for meat, milk and wool production. In the 1980s, small farmers in the semi-arid region of Pernambuco, Brazil, initiated the introgression of genes from Santa Inês and Bergamácia breeds in their local sheep of undefined breed, and the selection of individuals in an unstructured form, giving rise to an ecotype with unique characteristics called Berganês. The aim of this study was to perform genetic structure analysis of the Berganês ecotype population on farms in the state of Pernambuco using the Illumina® BeadChip OvineSNP50 high density chip as a way of increasing knowledge about the ecotype. Animals from seven farms were genotyped, totaling 96 animals (17 males and 79 females). Of the 54,241 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs) found, we elected the ones with GenCall Score > 0.5, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (significance at 0.01) and lower allele frequency (MAF) > 0.2. In addition, only SNPs located on the autosomal chromosomes were maintained, according to version 4.0 of the sheep genome, with 39,250 SNPs being selected. The observed and expected mean heterozygosity values were, respectively, 0.37159 and 0.37943. The F statistics found were: FIS = 0.02622, FST = 0 and FIT = 0.02394. Most of the variability found (97.61%), which was estimated by AMOVA, is uniformly distributed within the herds and the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) did not allow the visual identification of a substructure considering herds, sex or phenotypic characteristics (coat color, ear size and insertion, and head morphology). Thus, the genetic variability presented in the animals of the Berganês ecotype is distributed homogeneously among the herds analyzed. Therefore, the genetic characterization presented here represents a key point in the creation of conservation plans and breeding programs, improving the efficiency of selection processes and the selection of breeders.
ResumoEste estudo avaliou as características dos constituintes e não constituintes da carcaça de cordeiros Santa Inês alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes proporções de farelo de manga (FM) em substituição ao milho. Foram utilizados 24 cordeiros, castrados, com peso corporal inicial médio de 23,3 kg, alojados em baias individuais e alimentados, por 77 dias, com rações isoproteicas, contendo quatro níveis de substituição (0; 33; 66 e 100%) do milho pelo FM. A relação volumoso:concentrado foi de 40:60, com capim elefante (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) in natura utilizado como volumoso. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e seis repetições. Considerando os constituintes da carcaça, não foi observada influência (P>0,05) do nível de inclusão do FM, exceto para os cortes serrote e paleta e para o rendimento de paleta. Quanto aos não constituintes da carcaça, observou-se influência (P<0,05) apenas para os rendimentos de fígado e língua. As características quantitativas do lombo não sofreram alterações. O FM pode ser utilizado na alimentação de cordeiros Santa Inês sem prejuízos para as características dos constituintes e não constituintes da carcaça. Palavras-chave: Confinamento, subprodutos, ovinos, rendimento, cortes AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate carcass and noncarcass components of Santa Inês lambs fed diets containing different proportions of mango meal (MF) replacing corn. Twenty four Santa Inês lambs, castrated, with initial live weight of 23.3 kg, were used. Animals were housed in individual pens and fed isonitrogenous diets containing four levels of corn replaced by mango meal for 77 days. Roughage:concentrate ratio was 40:60 and Pennisetum purpureum Schum. in natura was used as roughage source. The completely randomized experimental design with four treatments and six replications was used. Considering the carcass weight and yield components, influences of corn replacement were not observed (P> 0.05), except for brisket and hindquarter weights and hindquarter yield. Quantitative characteristics of eyemuscle area (fat thickness and tissue composition) of Santa Inês lambs were also unchanged. Thus, the MF can be used as food for Santa Inês lambs without damage to quantitative and qualitative carcass and noncarcass characteristics.
Resumo: O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da estação de monta e do tipo de cruzamento sobre o desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo de cabras criadas em sistema de produção agroecológico, na região semiárida do Nordeste do Brasil. Foram utilizadas 47 matrizes, em média, avaliadas em três estações de monta (EM) durante dois anos, como a seguir: EM1 (março/abril de 2005), EM2 (novembro/dezembro de 2005) e EM3 (julho/agosto de 2006). Foram utilizados os seguintes cruzamentos (reprodutor x matrizes): Boer x sem raça definida (SRD), Anglo-nubiano x SRD, Canindé x Canindé ou Repartida x Repartida. Não foi observada diferença significativa (P>0,05) para o período da estação de monta nem para o tipo de cruzamento sobre a fertilidade ao parto, prolificidade e taxa de reprodução. No entanto, houve efeito (P<0,05) da estação de monta e do tipo de cruzamento sobre o peso das crias ao nascimento e aos 90 dias de idade. As crias provenientes do cruzamento da raça Boer x SRD ou Anglo x SRD apresentaram maior (P<0,05) peso ao nascimento e aos 90 dias que as crias das raças nativas. Foi observado um intervalo entre partos médio de 10 meses (1,2 partos/ ano). A utilização de cruzamentos industriais pode ser uma alternativa para melhorar o desempenho produtivo de caprinos explorados na região semi-árida do Nordeste do Brasil.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the non-carcass components (NCC) of Berganês ecotype lambs of different sexual classes and genotypes using univariate and multivariate statistics, carrying out two experimental trials. In order to evaluate the effects of the sexual class, non-castrated males (BNC), castrated males (BC) and females (BF) of Berganês ecotype lambs were used, with mean initial body weight of 27 ± 3.1 kg. To evaluate crossbreeding, non-castrated male lambs of the genotypes Berganês (BG), Berganês × Santa Inês (BSI) and Berganês × Dorper (BD) were used, as well as the control Dorper × Santa Inês (DSI), all with mean initial body weight of 28 ± 3.8 kg. The weight and yield of the total by-products was higher for BNC. Regarding the genotype, BSI showed higher weight and yield of internal fat, but the weight and yield of the total by-products was higher for BG and BD. In factorial analysis (FA), the NCC, more correlated with empty body weight (EBW) and total weight gain (TWG), showed higher eigenvectors for factor 1. For factor 2, the weights and yields of internal fat and total viscera obtained higher eigenvectors. The discriminant analysis (DA) classified 100% of individuals in their respective sexes and genotypes. Therefore, the FA indicated that, among the NCC evaluated, the weights of liver, kidneys, GIT, skin and feets are determinant for obtaining EBW and TWG. The classification achieved by the DA indicates that the sexual classes and genotypes are heterogeneous.
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