From a historic point of view adenine was always presumed to be the product of HCN pentamerization. In this work a new mechanism for adenine synthesis in the gas phase without HCN is proposed. The concept of retrosynthetic analysis was employed to create a tautomer of adenine, which can be reached from previously observed interstellar molecules C3NH and HNCNH and its isomer H2NCN. MP2/6-311++G(2d,2p) calculations were performed to calculate the Gibbs free energy of the minimum and the transition state (TS) structures involved in the six step mechanism. This new mechanism requires a smaller number of steps, the reaction energy is twice as exergonic, and the rate determining TS is lower in energy than the corresponding ones proposed elsewhere in the literature.

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The multivariate chemometric techniques two level factorial design (TLFD) and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to investigate the TIP4P model potential behavior with respect to perturbations on all intermolecular interaction parameters. The effects of these perturbations were calculated for the enthalpy of vaporization, the density, the first maximum of the radial distribution functions of the O-H and O-O pairs, and the second maximum of the radial distribution function of the O-H pair obtained from Monte Carlo simulations of liquid water at 25 degrees C. The principal effects were quantified and rationalized in terms of the pair-wise interaction potential of the TIP4P model. They also corroborate previously published sensitivity analysis results using molecular dynamics and other model potentials. In addition, significant interaction effects between some parameters of the TIP4P model potential were observed and quantified, which hardly could be obtained without such a statistic approach. These interaction effects are very regular and systematic, and their behavior has not been encountered in other chemometric studies and cannot be rationalized in terms of the functional form of the pair-wise potential.

Estudos teóricos usando os níveis de cálculo B3LYP e MP2 com um conjunto de base 6-31++G** foram empregados para caracterizar complexos de hidrogênio envolvendo pirazina e ácidos lineares HX com X= F, NC, CN e CCH. As propriedades moleculares destes complexos e as mudanças estruturais, eletrônicas e vibracionais que ocorrem nas espécies isoladas devido à formação da ligação de hidrogênio foram calculadas e comparadas com aquelas anteriormente estimadas em complexos do tipo-T envolvendo hidrocarbonetos insaturados simples como doadores de elétrons. Nossos cálculos mostraram que estas mudanças nos complexos de Pyz…HX são muito mais pronunciadas do que aquelas verificadas nos complexos do tipo π...HX, assim como suas energias de ligação-H. Correções BSSE para as energias da ligação-H estimadas pelos cálculos B3LYP são aproximadamente três vezes menores que aquelas obtidas através dos cálculos MP2. Nossos cálculos também mostraram que ligações de hidrogênio mais fortes nos complexos Pyz...HX estão associadas com menores comprimentos de ligação-H, maiores valores de transferência de carga intermolecular e maiores deslocamentos para baixo na freqüência de estiramento H-X. A força dessas ligações de hidrogênio segue a ordem: X = F > X = NC > X = CN > X = CCH. Como esperado, a intensidade de estiramento H-X foi aumentada substancialmente após a formação da ligação. Finalmente, os novos modos vibracionais que surgem em decorrência da complexação foram também analisados.Theoretical studies using the B3LYP and MP2 levels of calculation, with the 6-31++G** basis set, have been used to characterize hydrogen bonded complexes between pyrazine and HX linear acids with X = F, NC, CN and CCH. The molecular properties of these complexes and, the structural, electronic and vibrational changes that occur in the isolated species due to H-bond formation have been calculated and then, compared with those previously obtained in T-shaped complexes, involving simple unsaturated hydrocarbons as proton acceptors. Our calculations have shown that these changes in Pyz…HX complexes are much more pronounced than those observed in the π…HX complexes, as well as their binding energies. BSSE corrections to the energy of binding-H estimated by the B3LYP results are approximately three times smaller than those obtained through MP2 results. Our calculations have also shown that stronger hydrogen bonds in the complexes Pyz…HX are associated with smaller H-bond length values, larger intermolecular charge-transfer and greater downward displacement to the stretching frequency H-X . The H-bond strength for these complexes follows the order: X = F > X = NC > X = CN > X = CCH. As expected, the H-X stretching intensity was enhanced substantially after the H-bond formation. Finally, the new vibrational modes that appear due to the complexation are also analyzed.

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