Este trabalho estima a dispersão do PIB per capita entre os municípios brasileiros, de 1920 a 2016, e entre os estados, de 1939 a 2017, pelo cálculo do índice de Gini. Os resultados confirmam a hipótese de Williamson (1965), de que a dinâmica das desigualdades regionais descrevem uma forma de U invertido ao longo do desenvolvimento econômico nacional, com um pico da desigualdade no ano de 1970. Cálculos para cada uma das cinco macrorregiões brasileiras mostram diferenças importantes entre suas dinâmicas, e a decomposição do índice de Gini revelou grandes mudanças nas posições de riqueza entre os municípios, no período entre 1920 e 1970.
This work calculates coefficients of spatial inequalities of wealth amongst Brazilian municipalities, for each year for the period from 1920 to 2016, states of the federation, from 1939 to 2017, and amongst municipalities from each of the five Brazilians’ macro-regions, from 1920 to 2016. The use of non-parametric statistics reveals rough short-term paths of inequalities, and the occurrence of U-shaped relationships between spatial inequalities and the level of per capita GDP, known as the Williamson’s Curve (1965). Decomposition of the changes in the Gini coefficients show intense rank turbulence and leapfrogging over richer municipalities, from 1920 to 1970. Although the coefficients confirmed a long-term convergence trend in spatial inequalities, since 1970, there have been significant differences between macro-regional spatial inequalities dynamics, and a worrying switch to divergence in the Southeast, since in 1996.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.