All-ceramic restorations are attractive because of their long lasting esthetics and the ability to withstand the oral conditions. However, bonding to ceramics has challenged the dental community for the last few decades. The clinical success of a ceramic restoration is strongly dependent on the quality and durability of the bond between the resin cement and the restoration. This study presents the bonding mechanisms and the mechanical tests to evaluate the adhesive interfaces of resin-bonded ceramic restorations, mainly the zirconiabased restorations, which are the most popular. An adequate bond involves ceramic surface changes for mechanical retention, which can be achieved using primers, such as acids and airborne particle abrasion. Selective etching of high crystalline content ceramics mostly occurs within grain boundaries that offer little micromechanical retention and an insufficient bond to resin. The most popular surface treatment to improve adhesion to high crystalline content ceramics involves the treatment of surfaces with airborne particle abrasion and chemical bonding. Yet, there are reports on new methods to enhance the resin bond to zirconia that need further investigation. This study provides scientific evidences to guide the clinical procedures on bonding ceramic restorations.
Introduction: The development of squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity (SCC) is a multifactorial process, where the cellular mutagenesis is determined by co-carcinogenetic agents like the human papillomavirus (HPV). Objective: the objective of this study is to identify the HPV in the SCC by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Methods: twenty cases of SCC have been analyzed where the material used was extracted from specimens included in paraffin blocks of the Pathology Laboratory file of the São Vicente de Paulo Hospital of Passo Fundo/RS in the period of 2003 to 2007. They were all male cases and the 6 th decade of life was the most prevalent. The lower lip was the region that comprises most of the defects and the histological grade "well-differentiated" from the World Health Organization was predominant. It has been detected the presence of HPV's DNA in four of the 20 cases of the SCC (20%). Conclusions: it can be assured that, by the fact of the HPV has been identified in a considerable percentage of cases of SCC, it can have influence on the genesis of the referred malignant neoplasia. So, more studies are necessary to define what is the possible role of HPV in the oral carcinogenesis.
As cerâmicas ácido-resistentes como a zircônia tetragonal parcialmente estabilizada com ítria (Y-TZP), podem ter melhorada sua resistência de união ao cimento resinoso por meio de abrasão por jateamento de partículas. Entretanto, não existe uma padronização dos parâmetros utilizados nesse jateamento, o que pode afetar negativamente o comportamento mecânico da Y-TZP. O objetivo deste estudo foi buscar, através de uma revisão da literatura, quais são os protocolos de jateamento utilizados e qual protocolo resulta em melhores valores de resistência de união ao cimento resinoso e menor degradação das propriedades mecânicas da Y-TZP. A estratégia de pesquisa envolveu uma busca de artigos na base de dados online Medline/Pubmed, de 2003 a 2013, utilizando as palavras chaves: zircônia, adesão, jateamento e resistência mecânica (zirconia, bond strength, sandblasting, and mechanical strength). Foram selecionados vinte e cinco artigos, que estavam de acordo com os critérios de inclusão. O tamanho de partícula mais utilizado foi de 50 µm para partículas de óxido de alumínio e de 110 µm para as partículas de óxido de alumínio modificadas por sílica. Segundo os estudos, o tamanho de partícula e o tempo de jateamento não influenciam os valores de resistência de união. Entretanto, o maior tamanho e o tipo de partícula (óxido de alumínio) afetam negativamente a resistência mecânica da Y-TZP. Ainda existem controvérsias a respeito do efeito da pressão na resistência de união e na resistência mecânica da Y-TZP. O uso de pressões muito baixas pode afetar os valores de adesão. A distância entre a ponta jateadora e a superfície cerâmica e o tempo variou entre 7 a 30 mm e 5 a 90 s, respectivamente. Pôde-se concluir que alguns parâmetros do protocolo de jateamento ainda não estão bem definidos. Mesmo assim, os resultados dos estudos parecem corroborar a recomendação do uso de partículas pequenas e pressões baixas para alcançar o melhor resultado de adesão sem comprometer a resistência mecânica do material.
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