Technological innovation is an important mechanism for increasing productivity that provides growth and economic development to countries and regions. Recognized its effect, incentives for innovation and Research and Development (RD) expenditures, the main input for innovation, were intensified in the first decade of the 2000s in Brazil, through laws and programs directed to specific sectors such as: the Innovation Law (2004) and Lei do Bem (2005), both with the aim of stimulating RD. Therefore, the present work makes use of a model that incorporates the innovation, aiming to evaluate its effects on the GDP. Given the importance of cooperations and collaboration networks to increase productivity, in a complementary way, the effects of social capital on Brazilian economic performance are analyzed. With a database composed of 297 observations analyzed between 2000 and 2010 for each federation unit, including the Federal District, this work uses the traditional panel data and dynamic panel method to measure the increase in the state GDP that these variables provided in the period. The results found point to a significant and positive effect of social capital and to non-significance of innovation. In addition, as evidenced by the literature, human capital is the main factor of increase of the Brazilian product.
O Rio de Janeiro (RJ) é um município que apresenta um dos maiores índices de criminalidade do Brasil. No entanto, a partir dos anos 2000, observou-se uma redução significativa nas taxas de crimes letais. Diante desse cenário, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar os fatores que determinaram esse fenômeno. Entre eles, busca-se avaliar os efeitos da Unidade de Polícia Pacificadora (UPP). Para tal, foi utilizado o método estatístico vetor de correção de erros (VEC). Por meio do estudo, foi possível analisar as relações a curto e longo prazos existentes entre as taxas de criminalidade com variáveis associadas à atividade econômica e a ação da polícia. O conjunto de dados utilizados compreende o período entre abril 2002 e agosto de 2019. Os principais resultados indicam que a implantação das UPPs contribuiu para a redução dos crimes letais no município do Rio de Janeiro. Ademais, os resultados apontam que a ação coerciva da polícia tende a aumentar as taxas de criminalidade.
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