Innovation enables organizations to achieve increased competitiveness, through increased productivity, organization and marketing, with the possible consequence of opening new markets. The case of agro-industrial chains it’s not different, in which the innovations along the chain have repercussion in the whole sector. In this way, this article aims to analyze the contributions of innovation in the groundnut production chain between 1996 and 2016, which went from culture with an import profile in the late 1990’s to the export profile in the 2000’s. It was used a qualitative approach and a descriptive research based on bibliographic research in databases, such as FAOSTAT and CONAB. Through the research it was possible to verify that the technological, marketing and organizational innovations were of great contribution to the recovery of the groundnut culture.