A lógica do atual sistema alimentar tem sido incapaz de gerar saúde respeitando os limites do planeta. Assim sendo, o presente trabalho propõe uma reflexão acerca da inserção da agroecologia em um novo sistema alimentar pautado na construção de sociedades sustentáveis em tempos de crise ambiental e de saúde global. A pandemia provocada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2 está profundamente associada com a ruptura ecológica produzida pelo sistema convencional de produção de alimentos. A atual crise mundial ressalta a necessidade de um sistema agroalimentar mais sustentável, e a agroecologia, que além de atender as demandas das famílias rurais, garantindo benefícios sociais, econômicos e ambientais, também se apresenta como solução viável para atender as demandas urbanas.
O conceito de sustentabilidade tem levado a pesquisa agropecuária a uma crescente busca de modelos alternativos e sustentáveis para a agricultura, sendo as formas de uso e manejo do solo o ponto de partida determinante para a compreensão da dinâmica do ambiente edáfico e serviços ambientais dos agroecossistemas. Sendo assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade do ambiente edáfico e serviços ecossitêmicos em diferentes sistemas de ocupação da terra, através de indicadores ambientais qualitativos. Foram selecionados indicadores sustentáveis de diagnóstico participativo para avaliar quatro sistemas de ocupação da terra: pastagem, mandala agrícola, sistema agroflorestal (SAF) e mata nativa. O conjunto de dados dos indicadores do solo foi analisado por meio de uma Análise dos Componentes Principais (ACP). O sistema agroflorestal apresenta semelhanças na qualidade do ambiente edáfico e serviços ecossistêmicos quando comparado à área de mata nativa. Recomenda-se que práticas de manejo de conservação do solo sejam adotadas nos sistemas com maior intervenção antrópica, a exemplo da pastagem e mandala agrícola. Palavras-chave: indicadores ambientais; qualidade do solo; manejo; agroecossistemas. Qualitative indicators of the edaphic environment and ecosystem services in different land occupation systems ABSTRACT: The concept of sustainability has led agricultural research to a growing search for alternative and sustainable models for agriculture, with the forms of land use and management being the determining starting point for understanding the dynamics of the edaphic environment and environmental services of agroecosystems. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the quality of the edaphic environment and ecosystem services in different land occupation systems, through qualitative environmental indicators. Sustainable indicators of participatory diagnosis were selected to assess four land occupation systems: pasture, agricultural mandala, agroforestry system and native forest. The data set of the soil indicators was analyzed using a Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The agroforestry system has similarities in the quality of the edaphic environment and ecosystem services when compared to the native forest area. It is recommended that soil conservation management practices be adopted in systems with greater anthropic intervention, such as pasture and agricultural mandala. Keywords: environmental indicators; soil quality; management; agroecosystems.
A forma de ocupação e as práticas de manejo de um solo provocam alterações, físicas, químicas e biológicas que afetam a sustentabilidade ambiental e econômica da atividade agrícola. Assim sendo, objetivou-se avaliar a dinâmica da decomposição foliar e a atividade microbiana em três sistemas de uso e manejo do solo na Microrregião do Brejo, Paraíba, Brasil. As áreas estudadas foram: Sistema Agroflorestal, mandala agrícola e floresta nativa. A taxa de decomposição foi estimada com o uso de sacolas de nylon, contendo 10 g de folhas de Gliricidia sepium, que foram dispostas na superfície do solo de cada área por um período de 56 dias. O material foliar foi coletado a cada sete dias e levado a estufa a 65°C e pesado para avaliar a perda de peso em relação ao peso inicial. A atividade microbiana foi estimada pela quantificação do dióxido de carbono (CO2) desprendido no processo de respiração edáfica, a partir da superfície do solo, e capturado por solução de KOH. O material foliar disposto na superfície do solo do Sistema Agroflorestal apresentou maior velocidade de decomposição, em relação aos demais sistemas. O sistema que emitiu maior quantidade de CO2 para a atmosfera foi a horta mandala. Os fatores climáticos, como precipitação e temperatura, influenciam na dinâmica de decomposição e na emissão de CO2 liberado pelos microrganismos edáficos.
Deforestation and the disorderly exploitation of natural resources for agricultural expansion occurred at an accelerated pace in the Brejo microregion of the state of Paraíba, Brazil, which resulted in abandonment and erosion of the soil in a large part of the region. In view of this scenario, the present study was undertaken to investigate the soil respiration in systems involving different forms of land use and cover in caatinga enclaves moist forests (Brejo de Altitude areas). The study was conducted in four land use and cover systems, namely, pasture, mandala agriculture, agroforestry system, and forest. Microbial activity was estimated by quantifying the carbon dioxide (CO2) released in the soil respiration process, from the soil surface, and captured by KOH solution. Soil temperature (°C) and water content (%) were monitored simultaneously with the analysis of soil respiration. The forms of land use and cover have a direct effect on the metabolic activity of soil organisms, and climatic factors such as soil temperature and moisture influence the dynamics of organic matter decomposition and, consequently, the release of CO2. The production of CO2 is higher at night than during the day, regardless of the analyzed systems. Among the evaluated areas, the forest showed the lowest CO2 emissions, so it was considered a CO2 receptor in contrast to the pasture area, which functioned as a CO2 emitter. Management techniques that reduce surface temperature and increase organic matter should be prioritized to promote soil biota.
Cactus seeds in seasonal dry tropical forests are subject to several stressors, such as salt stress which limits imbibition and therefore germination. Thus, this study aimed to compare germination performance of Cereus jamacaru subsp. jamacaru and Pilosocereus pachycladus subsp. pernambucoensis seeds under salinity conditions. To this end, NaCl and KCl solutions were used in the following osmotic potentials: 0.0 (control),-0.2,-0.4,-0.6,-0.8,-1.0, and-1.2 MPa. Seeds were placed to germinate at 25 °C and 12-hour photoperiod. The number of germinated seeds was counted daily for 21 days after root protrusion. The variables analyzed were: water content, germination, normal seedlings, germination speed index, and average germination time. The experimental design was completely randomized, following a 2 × 7 factorial scheme (species × osmotic potential) for each saline source. Water restriction and ionic effect caused by salts favored seed germination and vigor in both species at-0.2 and-0.4 MPa. However, from-0.8 MPa onwards, germination decreased significantly for both salts. Seeds of C. jamacaru subsp. jamacaru and P. pachycladus subsp. pernambucoensis were tolerant to salt stress since they germinated up to-0.8 MPa (NaCl) and-1.2 MPa (KCl). The latter occurred only for P. pachycladus subsp. pernambucoensis.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.