Anadenanthera colubrina var cebil (Griseb.) Altschul is a medicinal plant found throughout the Brazilian semi-arid area. This work performed a bioguided purification of active substances present in ethyl acetate extract from A. colubrina leaves. The anti-Staphylococcus aureus and antioxidant actions were used as markers of bioactivity. The extract was subjected to flash chromatography resulting in five fractions (F1, F2, F3, F4, and F5). The fractions F2 and F4 presented the highest antimicrobial action, with a dose able to inhibit 50% of bacteria growth (IN50) of 19.53 μg/mL for S. aureus UFPEDA 02; whereas F4 showed higher inhibitory action towards DPPH radical (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) [dose able to inhibit 50% of the radical (IC50) = 133 ± 9 μg/mL]. F2 and F4 were then subjected to preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), resulting in the identification of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and hyperoside as the major compounds in F2 and F4, respectively. Hyperoside and p-hydroxybenzoic acid presented IN50 values of 250 μg/mL and 500 μg/mL against S. aureus UFPEDA 02, respectively. However, the hyperoside had an IN50 of 62.5 μg/mL against S. aureus UFPEDA 705, a clinical isolate with multidrug resistant phenotype. Among the purified compounds, the proanthocyanidins obtained from F2 exhibited the higher antioxidant potentials. Taken together, these results highlight the potential of A. colubrina leaves as an alternative source of biomolecules of interest for the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries.
Solidago chilensis Mayen (erva-lanceta) é utilizada no tratamento de ferimentos, inflamações, traumatismos e contusões. Para aferir qualidade à espécie vegetal utilizada na produção de fitoterápicos, realizou-se a prospecção fitoquímica, a caracterização molecular e a atividade antimicrobiana da S. chilensis. Foi realizada adicionalmente, a quantificação de flavonoides e fenois totais, além da sua capacidade antioxidante. Para a caracterização molecular da espécie foi desenvolvido um protocolo para amplificação e clivagem do gene maturase K (matK). A atividade antimicrobiana foi obtida frente a representantes de bactérias Gram-positivas, Gram-negativas, Álcool-Ácido resistentes e Leveduras. Os resultados obtidos indicaram a presença de esteroides e fenois. O teste de DPPH demonstrou que a S. chilensis possui atividade antioxidante de 67%. Os estratos da erva-lanceta apresentaram uma discreta atividade frente aos micro-organismos Gram-positivos. Esses resultados conferiram qualidade química, molecular e microbiológica à espécie utilizada como constituinte de fitoterápicos produzidos em laboratórios comunitários na Região Metropolitana do Recife.
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