Asthma is the most common inflammatory disease affecting the lungs, which can be caused by intrauterine or postnatal insults depending on the exposure to environmental factors. During early life, the exposure to different risk factors can influence the microbiome leading to undesired changes to the immune system. The modulations of the immunity, caused by dysbiosis during development, can increase the susceptibility to allergic diseases. On the other hand, immune training approaches during pregnancy can prevent allergic inflammatory diseases of the airways. In this review, we focus on evidence of risk factors in early life that can alter the development of lung immunity associated with dysbiosis, that leads to asthma and affect childhood and adult life. Furthermore, we discuss new ideas for potential prevention strategies that can be applied during pregnancy and postnatal period.

Background: Due to the clinical situations faced, patients with COVID-19 who survive the intensive care unit (ICU) are at greater risk of developing post-intensive care syndrome (PICS), characterized by typical physical, psychological and cognitive consequences in the post hospital discharge. Given this situation, it is important to assess these patients for the presence of musculoskeletal and psychosocial changes, so that they are referred to an outpatient and/or home rehabilitation program. Objective: to identify in the scientific literature the effects of hospitalization on the functional status and health-related quality of life of patients with complications from COVID-19. Methods: Searches were performed for scientific articles indexed in the MEDLINE database (accessed by Pubmed), between the years 2019 to 2022. Articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria determined to compose this study were included. Results: from a total of 524 articles found in the literature, only 15 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. The sample was represented by eight cross-sectional studies and seven cohort studies, and the main outcomes found to assess functional status were the six minute walking test the Post-COVID-19 Functional Status scale and for quality of life the EuroQol visual analogue scale and the Short form-36. Conclusion: With this literature review, it can be concluded that patients hospitalized for complications of COVID-19 showed a significant decline in functional status and health-related quality of life.However, updates are necessary to characterize the symptoms and persistent sequelae in the post-COVID-19.

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Asthma is a widespread disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation. It causes substantial disability, impaired quality of life, and avoidable deaths around the world. The main treatment for asthmatic patients is the administration of corticosteroids, which improves the quality of life; however, prolonged use of corticosteroids interferes with extracellular matrix elements. Therefore, cell-based therapies are emerging as a novel therapeutic contribution to tissue regeneration for lung diseases. This study aimed to summarize the advancements in cell therapy involving mesenchymal stromal cells, extracellular vesicles, and immune cells such as T-cells in asthma. Our findings provide evidence that the use of mesenchymal stem cells, their derivatives, and immune cells such as T-cells are an initial milestone to understand how emergent cell-based therapies are effective to face the challenges in the development, progression, and management of asthma, thus improving the quality of life.

Frailty is a state of critical loss of physiological complexity resulting in greater vulnerability to stressors and has been characterized as a debility syndrome in the older adult. Changes in functional capacity and the cardiovascular system during aging are the most significant and relevant for this population, including the clinically healthy. In this sense, this review aims to investigate methods to monitor the performance of older adults, such as heart rate variability and verify how it can be related to frailty. It contributes to understanding that the changes in heart variability can be a marker for frailty in older adults.