Haemodialysis, especially on a daily basis, is the ideal treatment for star fruit intoxication. In severe cases, continuous methods of replacement therapy may provide a superior initial procedure, since rebound effects are a common event. Peritoneal dialysis is of no use as a treatment, especially when consciousness disorders ensue.
Biocompatibility has been considered one of the most important items to validate a biomaterial for its application in human organisms. The present work evaluates the biocompatibility of a new biomembrane using in vivo assay in different animal species. The experiments to evaluate the cellular reaction were carried out through the implantation of the material into the subcutaneous tissue of animals and the results showed a good reaction of the host tissue without any signal of fibrosis or rejection. The cell adhesion experiments were done by means of the measure of the DNA content on the material surface after its implantation into the subcutaneous tissue of animals and the results showed a growing number of DNA that was proportional to the time of implantation. The healing process was evaluated using a dermal ulcer model and the results showed a good tissue repair resembling a physiologic process. The overall results presented here lead to the conclusion that this new biomembrane is a biocompatible material but more research must be done, as it is a new material desired for medical use
We observed six cases of patients in a dialysis programme who were apparently intoxicated by ingestion of star fruit. After ingestion of 2-3 fruits or 150-200 ml of the fruit juice, the six patients, who had previously been stable in a regular dialysis programme, developed a variety of symptoms ranging from insomnia and hiccups to agitation, mental confusion and (in one case) death. In preliminary investigations to characterize the hypothetical neurotoxin in the fruit, an extract, when injected intraperitoneally or intracerebroventricularly in rats, provoked persistent convulsions of the tonic-clonic type. It appears that star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) contains an excitatory neurotoxin. Patients with renal failure on conservative or dialysis treatment should be dissuaded from ingestion of the fruit.
Joaquim Coutinho-Netto 5 Uso experimental da biomembrana de látex na reconstrução conjuntival Introdução: A biomembrana de látex natural foi utilizada com sucesso nas reconstruções do esôfago, da parede abdominal e do pericárdio de animais, em que puderam ser comprovadas a biocompatibilidade e a capacidade de favorecimento do reparo tecidual desse material. No homem, ela já está sendo testada como material indutor de neoformação tecidual, tendo sido aplicada em pacientes com úlceras crônicas de membros inferiores e meringoplastias. Objetivo: Verificar o efeito da biomembrana de látex no processo de reparo da conjuntiva ocular. Métodos: Promoveu-se a retirada de retângulos da conjuntiva nasal superior, de ambos os olhos, de 15 coelhos neo-zelandeses adultos. Nos olhos direitos, foram implantadas biomembranas de látex com suturas contínuas presas às bordas das lesões cirúrgicas. Nos esquerdos, foram deixadas as escleras nuas. Para as análises histológicas, sacrificaram-se os animais com cinco, sete, catorze, vinte e um e vinte e oito dias. Os olhos de um coelho, não submetido a qualquer procedimento, foram usados como controle histológico. Resultados: Considerando o período total de estudo, o grupo com biomembrana de látex apresentou cicatrização satisfatória em maior número de olhos do que o grupo com esclera nua (p=0,06). O número de vasos perilímbicos também foi significativamente maior nos casos com implante de biomembrana do que nos olhos sem biomembrana (p=0,0284). A freqüência de infecções foi idêntica nos dois grupos. Conclusão: Tal como o descrito na literatura para outros tecidos, a biomembrana de látex natural também parece favorecer a cicatrização conjuntival e a neoangiogênese. Se esses resultados se repetirem nos humanos, a biomembrana poderá se converter num promissor recurso terapêutico de reconstrução da conjuntiva ocular, particularmente nos casos em que a revascularização tecidual seja importante.
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