Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal‐central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation‐related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data.

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non‐detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non‐governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer‐reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non‐detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio‐temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large‐scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data.

The school is an ideal space to implement and strengthen preventive attitudes in cases of accidents involving toxic plants with children. However, that same space has offered different types of risks. With this, we seek to analyze the conceptions of teachers of early childhood education about toxic plants present in the school environment. To this end, an exploratory and descriptive research, with a qualitative approach, was carried out with twenty teachers of early childhood education in the municipality of Aldeias Altas, located in the eastern region of the state of Maranhão, Brazil. The analysis took place from two categories. The first “Recognizing a toxic plant”, describes how the participants perceive toxic plants in the school environment, and the second, “Strategies and care in accidents with toxic plants”, outlines which elements are triggered (or not), in cases of accidents with children. Finally, the teachers recognized some gaps in this process, mainly in training, but it is worth noting that the education system involves structural, cultural, social and economic issues that are directly related to the ethos of teaching work.

Wiedomys cerradensis (Gon ç alves, Almeida, Bonvicino, 2003) (Rodentia, Cricetidae): first record from the state of Maranh ã o, Brazil Abstract : Wiedomys Hershkovitz, 1959, was considered to be a monotypic genus for > 40 years until P.R. Gon ç alves et al. described Wiedomys cerradensis from the Cerrado savannas of central Brazil. The geographic distribution of this arboreal species is not yet fully understood. The present study confirms the occurrence of the species in the Brazilian state of Maranh ã o. A male Wiedomys specimen was collected in the Inhamum Municipal Environmental Protection Area, which is dominated by Cerrado vegetation, although the species could not be identified from morphological characteristics alone. Molecular analyses were based on the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. The cytochrome b sequences indicated low divergence between the Maranh ã o specimen and W. cerradensis , and much higher divergence from the specimens of Wiedomys pyrrhorhinus , with the two species being well defined according to the high bootstrap values obtained in the analysis. The molecular data nevertheless permitted the confirmation of the occurrence of W. cerradensis in Maranh ã o, the first record of the species in this state, at a location > 900 km from its previously known distribution.

O número de nematódeos descritos em elasmobrânquios é relativamente pequeno, sendo encontrados majoritariamente no trato digestório. Apesar de alguns relatos descritos, a literatura a respeito ainda é considerada escassa principalmente sobre a associação parasita-hospedeiro. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os índices parasitários de larvas Brevimulticaecum sp. na válvula espiral de Potamotrygon motoro provenientes do arquipélago do Bailique, em Macapá no estado do Amapá, Brasil. Registrou-se em 20,41% das raias coletadas a presença de larvas de Brevimulticaecum sp., sendo a intensidade média de 20,10 larvas/peixe e a abundância média de 4,10. São poucos os registros deste parasito em peixes no Brasil, sendo que já foi relatada sua ocorrência no estômago de P. motoro e Potamotrygon falkneri. As diferenças entre os parâmetros parasitários podem ser um indicador de alimentação e/ou diferenças comportamentais entre os sexos. Este é o primeiro estudo sobre nematóides de potamotrigonídeos na região Norte, ampliando o conhecimento da biodiversidade desta região.   Palavras-chave: Helmintos. Nematoda; Elasmobrânquio. Válvula Espiral.   Abstract The number of nematodes described in elasmobranchs is relatively small, being found mostly in the digestive tract. Despite some reports described, the literature on this subject is still considered scarce, mainly on the parasite-host association. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the parasitic indices of Brevimulticaecum sp. the Potamotrygon motoro spiral valve from the Bailique archipelago, in Macapá in the state of Amapá, Brazil. Larvae of Brevimulticaecum sp. Were recorded in 20.41% of the rays collected, with an average intensity of 20.10 larvae / fish and an average abundance of 4.10. There are few records of this parasite in fish in Brazil, and its occurrence in the stomach of P. motoro and Potamotrygon falkneri has been reported. Differences between parasitic parameters can be an indicator of diet and / or behavioral differences between genders. This is the first study on potamotrigonid nematodes in the North, expanding knowledge of this region's biodiversity.   Keywords: Helminths. Nematoda. Elasmobranchs. Spiral Valve.