The 1964 Prince William Sound (Alaska) earthquake, Mw = 9.2, ruptured a large area beneath the continental margin of Alaska from Prince William Sound to Kodiak Island. A joint inversion of tsunami waveforms and geodetic data, consisting of vertical displacements and horizontal vectors, gives a detailed slip distribution. Two areas of high slip correspond to seismologically determined areas of high moment release: the Prince William Sound asperity with average slip of 18 m and the Kodiak asperity with average slip of 10 m. The average slip on the fault is 8.6 m and the seismic moment is estimated as 6.3 × 1022 N m, or over 75% of the seismic moment determined from long‐period surface waves.

H ealth care-associated infections, associated with antibiotic resistance, lead to considerable morbidity, mortality, and costs. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) are the primary causes of these infections and are associated with worse outcomes than infections caused by antibiotic-susceptible S. aureus and Enterococcus. Although current interventions to prevent such infections focus on hand hygiene, compliance rates remain low. The use of gloves and gowns, however, may reduce the acquisition of antibiotic-susceptible and antibiotic-resistant bacteria by health care workers and decrease transmission to patients. This clusterrandomized trial was conducted to assess whether wearing gloves and gowns for all contact with intensive care unit (ICU) patients compared with the use of contract precautions only would reduce acquisition rates of MRSA and VRE infections.The study was conducted in 20 medical and surgical ICUs in 20 US hospitals during 2012. In the intervention group (10 ICUs), health care workers wore gloves and gowns for all patient contact and when entering any patient room. The control group workers (10 ICUs) wore gloves and gowns according to the Centers for Disease Control guidelines for patients with known antibioticresistant bacteria. In 2011, ICU staff collected baseline data on the primary outcome of MRSA or VRE acquisition. The ICUs were then pair matched based on baseline MRSA or VRE acquisition rates as a composite outcome. The primary outcome was acquisition of either MRSA or VRE as a composite based on results of ICU admission and discharge surveillance cultures for MRSA and VRE. Secondary outcomes were MRSA and VRE acquisition as 2 separate outcomes, frequency of health care worker visits, hand hygiene compliance, health care-associated infections, and adverse events. Analyses of all outcomes were conducted at the ICU level, followed the intention-to-treat approach, and accounted for the matched-pair design.During the baseline and study periods, 6324 and 19,856 patients were admitted to ICUs, respectively, and 20,646 and 71,595 swabs, respectively, were collected for detection of MRSA and VRE. Compliance with wearing gloves in the intervention ICUs was 86.18% (2787/3234), and compliance with gowns was 85.14% (2750/3230). In the control group, 10.52% of patients were on contact precautions, and for these patients, compliance with staff wearing gloves and gowns was 84.11% (556/661) and 81.21% (536/660), respectively. The intervention ICUs had a decrease in the primary outcome from 21.35 acquisitions per 1000 patient-days (95% confidence interval [CI], in the baseline period to 16.92 acquisitions per 1000 patientdays (95% CI, 14.09-20.28) in the study period. Control ICUs had a decrease from 19.02 acquisitions per 1000 patient-days (95% CI, 14.20-25.49 acquisitions) in the baseline period to 16.29 acquisitions per 1000 patient-days (95% CI,) in the study period. This difference in changes was not statistically significant (difference, −1....

Abstract. The 1946 Aleutian earthquake produced a tsunami of tsunami magnitude Mr=9.3, but the surface wave magnitude is only Ms=7.4, making it a tsunami earthquake. The discrepancy between the apparent size of the earthquake based on the seismic data and the size of the tsunami has been explained by several mechanisms, including a landslide and a slow e .arthquake, but there are few seismic data available to determine the correct mechanism. We study the generating mechanism of the tsunami using tsunami waveforms recorded on tide gauges. We have modeled the source of the 1946 Aleutian tsunami as the result of an underthrusting earthquake. We performed both forward and inverse modeling of the data using a finite difference calculation to compute synthetic tsunamis. We include both vertical and horizontal deformation of the ocean

Longitudinal studies of children of alcoholics in a community context are rare, but are of special interest because they provide the opportunity to study families with alcoholic parents who do not reach clinical settings and with offspring who do not receive professional help. The current study reports on the 65 offspring of alcoholics who participated in the Kauai Longitudinal Study. The extensive data on these analyses included questionnaires and interviews of both children and adults that were collected over a 30-year period. The data showed that individuals who coped effectively with the trauma of growing up in an alcoholic family and who became competent adults relied on a significantly larger number of sources of support in their childhood and youth than did the offspring of alcoholics with coping problems by age 32.

Using tsunami waveforms, we estimate the source parameters of the 10 November 1938 Alaskan earthquake. The earthquake ruptured a 300‐km‐long segment of the Alaskan arc, which corresponds to the aftershock area. The seismic moment is approximately 20×1020 Nm, or Mw=8.2, and the moment release was concentrated in the eastern end of the aftershock zone. The tsunami and seismic evidence strongly suggest that the 1938 earthquake did not rupture into the Shumagin Islands gap.