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Four groups of Ss learned paired-associate lists in the A-B, A-C paradigm. In two of these groups A-B retention was tested with the MMFR technique. The other groups were tested with a recognition matching (RM) technique. One MMFR and one RM group were given learning instructions which suggested that Ss use mnemonics or associations to learn the lists. The other groups received standard P-A instructions. Association instructions led to significantly faster learning. These instructions had no effect on MMFR but did lead to significantly less A-B forgetting in RM. These results suggest that there are two unlearning processes, associative unlearning and response unavailability, and that these processes can be independently manipulated.

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