It is unclear what role the experimental drug and convalescent plasma had in the recovery of these patients. Prospective clinical trials are needed to delineate the role of investigational therapies in the care of patients with EVD.

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Case report A 76-yr-old man was admitted for investigation of progressive hoarseness and shortness of breath on moderate exertion. Laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy and mediastinoscopy revealed a squamous cell carcinoma of the right vocal cord as well as a squamous cell carcinoma of the carina adjacent to the origin of the left main bronchus. There was a history of cigarette smoking and exposure to coal and gold dust, as well as mild hypertension treated with enalapril 5 mg od. He had undergone abdominal aortic aneurysm repair one year previously.Physical examination was unremarkable. Blood pressure was 130/60 mmHg. Haemoglobin, electrolyte and creatinine concentrations, liver function tests, chest x-ray and ECG were all within normal limits. His preoperative arterial blood gas analysis breathing room air showed: pH 7.44; PCO2 5.06 kPa (38 mmHg); PO2 I0.8 kPa (81 mmHg); HCO3 26 mmol-L -I, 02 sat 96%. Pulmonary function tests revealed a mild to moderate airflow limitation with hyperinflation and also moderate impairment of lung diffusion.It was decided to resect the carinal tumour first, and subsequently to irradiate the laryngeal lesion. The patient was scheduled for excision and reconstruction of the carina through a right posterolateral thoracotomy. Conduct of anaesthesiaThe patient received premedication with glycopyrrolate 0.2 mg ira. Following placement of a lumbar epidural catheter for postoperative analgesia, general anaesthesia was induced with propofol 100 mg and tracheal intubation was facilitated with succinylcholine 120 mg. A #14 F Fogarty occlusion catheter, used as a bronchial blocker, was inserted into the right main bronchus followed by intubation of the trachea with a 9.0 mm endotracheal tube. The position of both was confumed by fibreoptic bronchoscopy.Initally, anaesthesia was maintained with oxygen 40%, N20, halothane, fentanyl 100 Isg and muscle relaxation

Background The operating room (OR) is a highly social and hierarchical setting where interprofessional team members must work interdependently under pressure. Due primarily to methodological challenges, the social and behavioral sciences have had trouble offering insight into OR dynamics. Purpose We adopted a method from the field of ethology for observing and quantifying the interpersonal interactions of OR team members. Methods We created and refined an ethogram, a catalog of all our subjects’ observable social behaviors. The ethogram was then assessed for its feasibility and interobserver reliability. Results It was feasible to use an ethogram to gather data in the OR. The high interobserver reliability (Cohen’s Kappa coefficients of 81 % and higher) indicates its utility for yielding largely objective, descriptive, quantitative data on OR behavior. Conclusions The method we propose has potential for social research conducted in healthcare settings as complex as the OR.