There is a need for competition and having a competitive advantage for every enterprise. Moreover, a social enterprise is expected to maintain itself and expand exponentially through innovation and the application of technology. The need to survive implies the need for social innovation within the organizations. When the organization's goal is established, which is the prerequisite for starting a social enterprise, innovation aims to solve the problem. Innovation is a learning outcome that manifests itself into new product features, new products, or production methods. Social innovation is an incremental form of innovation because it emerges from the social needs of a community. The kind of innovation produced is oriented towards the community to provide a solution to their problem. Social enterprises have worked tirelessly to create solutions to the social issues that specific communities are facing. The findings in this research highlight intellectual capital as one of the most fundamental assets in a social enterprise. When discussed in terms of its three branches, intellectual capital's performance of social enterprises is significantly improved.   Received: 8 July 2021 / Accepted: 19 August 2021 / Published: 5 September 2021

This article looks at a competitive advantage and how it aids a social enterprise's performance. A social enterprise refers to a business determined to bring positive changes in the world when they put their profits into use appropriately. This article focused on the resource-based view (RBV), a concept that bases its argument on a business entity's resources. Numerous entrepreneurial competencies include recognition, relationship, organizing, and strategic competencies. All these have positive effects on social enterprise performance. Different types and sources of competitive advantage positively impact social enterprise performance. The types of competitive advantage include cost leadership, differentiation, and focus strategy. The numerous sources of competitive advantage entail human capital, bundle pricing, product attribute differentiation, price discrimination, customer's willingness to pay, organizational structure, and Technology. The performance of the social enterprise relies on the critical component of social entrepreneurship like a social mission that is put above financial goals, innovativeness, and a self-sustaining business model.

Manuscript type: Research paper Research aims: This study aims to investigate the effects of safety climate and employee engagement on organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB). Design/Methodology/Approach: Drawing from the social exchange theory and flow theory, a theoretical framework was developed and tested using data collected from 610 freelance sewage workers. A questionnaire survey was used to collect the data, while structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis was used as the data analysis approach. Research findings: The results reveal that both safety climate and employee engagement have significantly positive impact on employees’ organisational citizenship behaviour amongst sewage workers in Indonesia. This finding indicates that although the sewage cleaners are often employed based on contract and may not be in a position to demand more from the organisations, they do appreciate the organisational commitment in producing a safe workplace environment. They, in return will demonstrate a higher engagement towards their work. Theoretical contribution/Originality: This study contributes to the organisational citizenship behaviour literature by examining how workplace environmental factors such as safety climate affects organisational citizenship behaviour. In the context of sewage cleaning, safety climate is important, as sewage workers are frequently exposed to and threatened by serious health problems. Yet, there has been a paucity of research on the sewage cleaning sector to understand the relationships. Research limitation/Implications: The study implies that when organisations are willing to improve safety climate, their employees will perceive improved safety climate, and then will have more engagement and organisational citizenship behaviour.