Development of Alternaria solani in three tomato varietiesAlternaria solani is a fungal plant pathogen that attacks tomatoes, potatoes, eggplant and peppers. Yieldlosses cause by this pathogen, especially in tomatoes, can reach up to 86% depends on grown tomatovarieties. This reaseach was aimed to examine the development of A. solani infection on three differenttomato varieties of Tombatu, Tyrana and Permata. The study was designed using a randomized block designand the observations included the proportion of the disease and the rate of infection. Results revealed thatthe highest development of the fungus A. solani occurred in Tombatu variety that reached 0.8445 andindicated the highest infection rate of 0.0810 per unit per day.Keywords: Alternaria solani , tomatoes, Tombatu, Tyrana, PermataABSTRAKAlternaria solani merupakan salah satu jamur patogen yang menyerang tanaman tomat, kentang, terung dancabai. Kerugian yang diakibatkan khususnya kehilangan hasil pada buah tomat dapat mencapai 86% yangsalah satunya bergantung pada varietas tomat yang ditanam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahuibagaimana perkembangan penyerangan patogen jamur A. solani pada tiga varietas tanaman tomat yangberbeda yaitu Tombatu, Tyrana dan Permata. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan AcakKelompok dengan pengamatan terhadap dua parameter yaitu proporsi penyakit dan laju infeksi penyakit.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan jamur A. solani paling tinggi terjadi pada varietasTombatu yang ditunjukkan dengan proporsi penyakit yang lebih tinggi mencapai 0,8445 dan laju infeksiyang lebih cepat mencapai 0,0810 per unit per hari dibandingkan pada dua varietas yang lain.Kata Kunci: Alternaria solani, tomat, Tombatu, Tyrana, Permata

Since ancient times, sago grubs have been consumed by people in many places including Maluku, Papua and Borneo in various processed forms. People who own sago forests/plantations or reside in places with sago forests currently still eat sago worms as a supplement to their diet. Sago grub, larva of red palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier), is a pest majorly on sago and others palm trees. The objective of this study was to obtain data on the life cycle of the insect in the laboratory and to determine the nutritional content of sago grubs as a reference for the utilization of sago grubs. as an alternative source of protein for human as well as livestock. The results showed that egg stage take place in 3-5 days, larvae consists of 5 instars and take place in about 60-72 days. The pupal stage take place in about 16-20 days, the total life cycle of insect in the laboratory is 89.3 days. The 4th and 5th instar larvae have nutritional composition including carbohydrate, protein, fat, minerals and vitamins. They contain 27.97% protein, all (9) essential amino acids, 59.71% fat with three unsaturated fatty acids including the essential fatty acids : omega 3 and omega 6. Therefore, they have the potential to be cultivated as natural source of animal protein for human and livestock.

The objective of this study is to isolation and agonistic test ability of Trichoderma spp. againts Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. cause of wilting on pepper plants and has been conducted in Pathogenicity Laboratory Faculty of Agriculture Unpatti. The study use 5 treatment of isolate Trichoderma spp. (Tc3, Tc4, Tc5, Tc6 and Tc7) with 3 replications so that there are 15 experimental units. The results showed that the five isolates Trichoderma spp. has an antagonistic power to S. rolfsii with an average percentage of inhibition of S. rolfsii of 26,01%. Percentage of inhibition bolth of isolate ware not significantly different at 95% level test results between treatment. Average percentage inhibition of S. rolfsii by Trichoderma spp. each treatment was Tc6 = 27,31%, Tc3 = 26,63%, Tc5 = 26,05%, Tc7 = 25,69% and Tc4 = 24,37%. Keywords: antagonism, Trichoderma spp., Sclerotium rolfsii   Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan mengisolasi dan menguji kemampuan antagonis Trichoderma spp. terhadap Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. penyebab layu pada tanaman cabai dan telah dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Patogenisitas Fakultas Pertanian Unpatti, dengan menggunakan 5 perlakuan isolat Trichoderma spp. (Tc3, Tc4, Tc5, Tc6 dan Tc7) dengan 3 ulangan sehingga terdapat 15 satuan percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelima isolat Trichoderma sp. mempunyai daya antagonis terhadap S. rolfsii dengan rata-rata persentase penghambatan S. rolfsii sebesar 26%. Hasil analisis varians pada taraf 95% menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan nyata antara perlakuan. Rata-rata persentase penghambatan S. rolfsii oleh Trichoderma spp. masing-masing perlakuan berturut-turut adalah Tc6 = 27,31%, Tc3 = 26,63%, Tc5 = 26,05%, Tc7 = 25,69% dan Tc4 = 24,37%, dengan rata-rata 26,01%. Kata kunci: antagonisme, Trichoderma spp., Sclerotium rolfsii

Penelitian tentang isolat lokal Trichoderma spp. bertujuan untuk menemukan karakteristik morfologi enam isolat lokal Trichoderma dan mengkaji daya antagonismenya terhadap Phytohpthora palmivora sebagai patogen busuk buah dan kanker batang kakao. Karakterisitik enam isolat lokal Trichoderma spp. asal rizosfer tanaman memiliki karakteristik yang agak berbeda, baik bentuk dan warna koloninya, tetapi juga pertumbuhannya, serta karakteristik morfologinya yang dibedakan berdasarkan ukuran panjang konidiofor, panjang fialid dan diameter konidia. Lima isolat Trichoderma spp. memiliki daya antagonisme terhadap P. palmivora. Enam isolat memiliki daya antagonis terhadap patogen P. palmivora yakni TrichoRKT1, TrichoRKlT2, TrichoRPBS2, TrichoRKlS1, TrichoRKA2 dan TrichoRPKl2. Presentase antagonisme terbesar juga terjadi pada isolat TRichoRKT1 (78,98%) dan TrichoRPKT1 (77,67%), keduanya tergolong antagonis kelas 2 atau aktifitas antagonis tinggi. Trichoderma spp. ditemukan memiliki mekanisme antagonisme kompetisi terhadap P. palmivora.

Teak plantation forest development in the village Hatusua Kairatu District of West Seram regency is one attempt to offset the need for wood raw material increases. However, based on preliminary observations visible symptom of diseases such as leaf spot disease. Thus the need to do a diagnosis of the types of diseases in the forest area.The study aims to determine the types of diseases that attack plants teak (Tectona grandis) in the plantation areas Hatusua Rural District of West Seram regency Kairatu, determine the intensity of the disease as well as the extent of the damage and determine the condition of the teak plantations and support the development of the disease.The results showed that the types of diseases that are found is a leaf spot disease caused by the fungus Phomopsis sp. and root rot and stem are a symptom of a physiological disease. The disease intensity of leaf spot was 1,21 % and the disease intensity of root and stem rot 10,08 %, both of which belong to the category of minor assault. Conditions in the village area of teak plants Hatusua support the development of the disease.