The results confirm that it is possible to increase quality of life by improving the lighting conditions.

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To report the occurrence of postoperative glaucoma and to evaluate risk factors. Methods: Children born in four of the western counties of Sweden who were diagnosed with congenital cataracts formed a cohort (nΩ137). The following parameters were evaluated: age at cataract surgery; type of surgery; visual outcome; postoperative IOP; optic disc abnormalities; date of onset of the complication; number of reoperations, including treatment for secondary cataract; presence of systemic anomalies; microphthalmus; and eye-related anomalies. Results: A diagnosis of glaucoma was recorded for 12% of the eyes. The mean follow-up time was 9.6 years. There is a relationship between surgery before the age of 10 days and development of glaucoma. Microphthalmus is an important risk factor as well. Conclusions: Despite modern surgical techniques the incidence of aphakic glaucoma is 10% or higher. No time-dependent increase in the incidence of lateonset glaucoma between the 1980s and the 1990s could be proven.

Forty-four children aged 2-9 years with strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia were prospectively followed up during amblyopia treatment. The efficacy ofoptimised treatment in terms of number of cured children, time to achieve cure, and rate of initial improvement ofvisual acuity was evaluated in relation to age at start of treatment, type and initial degree of amblyopia, and adherence to treatment regimen. Compliance with treatment was the most critical factor predicting a successful outcome. Among the compliant children 35 out of 36 were cured (visual acuity difference between amblyopic and non-amblyopic eyes not more than one line) within five months regardless of age, treatment regimen, and type or initial degree of amblyopia as compared with none in the group with low compliance. Most of these compliant children were cured within three months, with shorter treatment times on average for the younger children. The initial improvement of visual acuity was also faster at 2 years than at 4 years of age. Anisometropes with moderate amblyopia at the start of treatment were over-represented in the group with low compliance. We conclude that early diagnosis of strabismus in combination with general population screening at the age of 4 to detect amblyopia caused by anisometropia or microstrabismus seems to be efficacious for the cure of most cases. The major factor in treatment failure was found to be inadequate adherence to the treatment reginen.

ABSTRACT.Purpose: 1045 children between 12 and 13 years old were examined in a field study in the Göteborg area (Sweden). The aim of this study was to report the prevalence of refractive errors, with special attention to myopia, since there are no previous reports in Sweden about this age group. Methods: The examination included visual acuity testing and refraction under cycloplegia. Results: We found a prevalence of myopia (ت0.5D) of 49.7% and a prevalence of bilateral myopia of 39%. In the whole population, 23.3% were considered to need glasses (ت0.75D). We also found a prevalence of high myopia (ت5D) in 2.5% of the children. Discussion: No statistically significant difference in myopia with respect to gender was found. The proportion of children needing glasses is considered the best indicator of the prevalence of myopia in this sample. The results confirm that this tendency towards myopisation in a teenage population in Göteborg is similar to the prevalence found in other parts of the world.

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To establish the distribution of visual acuity and the prevalence of residual amblyopia and other ocular disorders in a vision-screened population group of 12-13-year-old children. Methods: In total 1046 children were examined in a field study in Sweden. The examination included visual acuity, stereopsis, cover testing, red reflex, refractive retinoscopy and examination of the posterior pole. In selected cases VEP was also performed. Results: Visual acuity Ø1.0 in at least one eye was present in 98% of cases. Residual amblyopia (AE0.5) was found in 1.1% of the population. Manifest strabismus was found in 2.7%. There were only a small number of ocular opacities and posterior pole abnormalities. Ocular albinism was found in 7 cases. In 15 children the cause of subnormal VA was unexplained. Conclusion: Results for visual acuity, residual amblyopia and other ocular disorders are very similar to previous Nordic, vision-screened populations.