Urotensin-II-related peptide (URP) is an eight-amino-acid peptide recently isolated from rat brain and considered as the endogenous ligand for the urotensin-II receptor. Immunohistochemical treatment of mouse brain sections with anti-URP antibodies revealed numerous immunopositive fibres in the median eminence and vascular organ of the lamina terminalis as well as labelled cell bodies, mainly in the preoptic area. In consecutive serial sections, in situ hybridization demonstrated URP-mRNA in neuronal perikarya. Double-immunofluorescence labelling showed a co-localization of URP and GnRH in fibres and cell bodies. These results suggest the existence of URP as a novel hypothalamic neuroendocrine peptide co-localized and possible co-released with GnRH.
Urotensin-II-related peptide (URP) is an eight amino-acid neuropeptide recently isolated from rat brain and considered as the endogenous ligand for the GPR14 receptor. Using single and double immunohistochemical labelling, in situ hybridization and ultrastructural immunocytochemistry, we explored the cellular and subcellular localization of URP in the male rat brain. URP peptide was detected in numerous varicose fibres of the median eminence (ME) and organum vasculosum laminae terminalis (OVLT) as well as in neuronal cell bodies of the medial septal nucleus and diagonal band of Broca where corresponding mRNA were also detected. Combining in situ hybridization with immunohistochemistry, we showed that cell bodies of the rat anterior hypothalamus contained both URP mRNA and GnRH peptide. In addition, double ultrastructural immunodetection of URP and GnRH peptides clearly revealed, in the median eminence, the co-localization of both peptides in the same neuronal processes in the vicinity of fenestrated portal vessels. This remarkable cellular and subcellular distribution led us to test the effect of URP on the GnRH-induced gonadotrophins release in the anterior pituitary, and to discuss its putative role at the level of the median eminence.
La réforme récente de l'enseignement des sciences et de la technologie à l'école primaire en France recommande la mise en place d'un support appelé “Carnet d'expériences et d'observations” (CEO). Le CEO est un dispositif qui vise à aider les élèves à construire des compétences scientifiques, langagières et sociales. Le CEO est aussi une ressource pour évaluer les compétences d'ordre linguistique telles que reformuler des questions, rendre compte de son activité, utiliser un vocabulaire adéquat en sciences, etc. Ce texte propose un cadre didactique pour analyser le processus par lequel se construit l'action effective de deux enseignantes visant à produire des « traces » qui traduisent dans le CEO le savoir disciplinaire et les compétences qui lui sont associées. C'est un cadre qui prend en compte l'interdépendance des actions de l'enseignant et des élèves en vue de rendre compte de ce que retient le CEO en termes de performances didactiques des élèves. Ce texte vise aussi à discuter les différentes logiques et enjeux qui structurent l'usage de ce dispositif. Quelques implications quant à la formation à l'enseignement des sciences à l'école primaire seront enfin mentionnées.
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