We report a five-nations project in comparative child protection to provide recommendations on policy and practice to inform the redevelopment of the Swiss child protection system. The Swiss Federal Government and the Optimus and Oak Foundations commissioned the project-collective title: Association Programme National pour la Protection de l'Enfant. We identify the historical developmental trajectories of child protection systems together with common drivers: the evidential basis for the prevalence and effects of child abuse, the co-joining of social and economic policies and practices to promote early investment in children, the influence of children's rights and comparative international league tables on child well-being. We describe the cross-national project methodology and analysis of results. Three key indicators for the performance of national child protection systems are indicated: creating a culturally sensitive child protection governance framework, building a relational heart and using evidence to inform policy and practice. These encapsulate the recommendations made with respect to the Swiss child protection system. The results provide a prototype model with potential utility in similar
Despite being the first country in the world to introduce paternity leave in 1978, Finland’s current national leave scheme is complex with regard to incentivizing fathers’ take-up. Taking the unique Finnish leave scheme as a case example, this article examines fathers’ motivations and barriers to leave. Although research on fathers’ take-up of leave in divergent leave policy contexts has increased dramatically, fathers’ motivations and barriers to leave have remained underresearched. The article reports on a survey sample of 852 Finnish fathers of infants who were taking paternity, parental, and other forms of leave, drawn from the Population Register Center. Results show that less than 20% of fathers report taking no leave, with more than 80% taking some form of leave. A multinomial logistic regression analysis indicates that father’s work, partner’s education, and family income, along with father’s wish to take a break from work and wish to facilitate mother’s return to work or studies, are the key characteristics and motivations associated with fathers’ take-up of leave. The most common barriers to fathers’ take-up of leave were related to the family’s economic situation and the father’s job. It is suggested that decreasing maternalism in the leave scheme, by extending investment in fathers’ individual well-paid leave weeks, will also help promote greater gender equality for working parents in Finland following the path of Nordic neighbors.
Background—Intimate partner violence (IPV) has both direct and longer-term effects on children’s well-being. Much of the research thus far has relied on caregiver reports of IPV and clinical samples of children. By contrast, minimal research has examined violence between parents from the perspective of children using nationwide samples. Objective—This study explored the frequency of IPV witnessed by children and gender variations regarding the victims, perpetrators, and witnesses. Methods—The data were derived from a sample of 11,364 children from the Finnish Child Victim Survey 2013. The children were between 11 and 17 years old and were enrolled in the Finnish school system. The main methods of analysis included crosstabulation and the chi-square test. Results—The results indicate that children witnessed more IPV against their mother (4.9%) than their father (3.5%). Girls reported having witnessed more violence against both their mother (7.0%) and father (5.1%) than boys did (mothers 2.7%, fathers 1.8%). Girls’ reports of IPV against both parents were twice or more than twice as common as boys’ reports. Conclusions—The above differences might result from gendered expectations and boys’ and girls’ different relationships to violence, as well as differences in the recognition and interpretation of violent incidents. Therefore, practitioners should adopt a gender-sensitive approach as a precondition and practice for working with children in social and health care.
DARSIG promises to be a useful mechanism for the purpose.
Lähisuhdeväkivalta on maailmanlaajuinen vakava sosiaalinen ja terveydellinen ongelma sekä ihmisoikeuskysymys. Tutkimukset osoittavat, että läheisissä suhteissa tapahtuva väkivalta on tyypillisesti lisääntynyt yhteiskunnallisten kriisien, kuten pandemioiden ja luonnonkatastrofien yhteydessä. Suositukset ja rajoitukset sosiaalisten kontaktien välttämiseen ovat olleet perusteltuja koronaviruksen leviämisen estämisessä. Lähisuhdeväkivallan kokijat kotiin eristäytyminen on kuitenkin saattanut aiempaa haavoittuvampaan asemaan. Artikkelissa jäsennetään väkivaltatyöntekijöiden näkemyksiä lähisuhdeväkivaltaa kokeneiden avun saamisen haasteista ja kysytään, miten turvakodeista ja väkivaltatyön avopalveluista lähisuhdeväkivaltaan apua hakeneiden tilanne ja palvelujen saatavuus on korona-aikana muuttunut. Empiirisenä aineistona käytetään turvakodeista korona-aikana kerättyjä seurantakyselyjä sekä turvakotien ja väkivaltatyön avopalvelujen työntekijöiden fokusryhmähaastatteluja. Laadullisen tutkimuksen analyysimenetelmänä hyödynnetään temaattista sisällönanalyysia. Tulokset osoittavat, että kotiin eristäytyminen korona-aikana on mahdollistanut ja tehnyt näkyväksi pakottavan kontrollin ja vallankäytön tapoja, jotka ovat vaikeuttaneet lähisuhdeväkivaltaa kokeneiden avun hakemista ja vastaanottamista. Esimerkiksi digitaalisen ja taloudellisen väkivallan muodot ovat nousseet aiempaa vahvemmin esille asiakastyössä. Myös lasten määrän väheneminen turvakodeissa, lasten katoaminen väkivaltatyön piiristä ja haavoittuvien ryhmien, kuten ulkomaalaistaustaisten palvelujen piiriin pääseminen ovat herättäneet huolta ammattilaisten keskuudessa. Korona-ajan arjen ja työn käytäntöjen muutokset sekä pandemiaan liittyvät uhat ja pelot asettavat haasteita väkivaltatyölle ja palvelujärjestelmälle. Tieto siitä, miten koronatilanne vaikuttaa avun hakemiseen, tarjoamiseen ja vastaanottamiseen on tärkeää väkivaltainterventioiden kohdentamiseksi ja tuen ja palveluiden saatavuuden turvaamiseksi.
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