Exploitation of species for wildlife trade, including the demand for exotic pets (likely sourced from the wild or recent generations of captivity) is a major threat to biodiversity. Although not traditionally considered "pet keeping" countries, pet ownership is growing in Asia. Exotic animals are also appearing in cafes, which are growing in popularity and have the potential to impact wild populations by stimulating exotic pet trade. We identified 406 animal cafes across Asia, of which 27% housed exotic species, including mammals (e.g., otter, slow loris, meerkat), birds (e.g., owls, hawks, parrots), and reptiles (e.g., geckos, pythons, turtles). Of the 252 exotic species recorded, 46% were threatened either as classified by the IUCN Red List, having a decreasing population trend, and/or threatened by the pet trade. These results, alongside the alignment of cafe traits with recognized factors influencing exotic pet trade, demonstrate as yet unclear (but potentially dramatic) implications for conservation. K E Y W O R D S exotic animal cafe, exotic pet trade, pet cafe, threatened species, wildlife trade 1 INTRODUCTION The natural world is experiencing declines in biodiversity unprecedented in human history (Díaz et al., 2019). Exploitation of species for wildlife trade, including the demand for exotic pets, is one of the major drivers of biodiversity loss (Baker et al.,

SUMMARYThe East Asian–Australasian flyway contains some of the most threatened habitats in the world, with at least 155 waterbird species reliant on the tidal habitats it comprises. The black-faced spoonbill (Platalea minor) is an iconic endangered species distributed across the coast of East Asia. Its population suffered a severe decline into the 1990s, but extensive monitoring and conservation interventions have aided a substantial recovery of the species. We used a population viability analysis based on data collected over the past two decades in conjunction with species distribution models to project spatially explicit models of population change for the next 35 years. Over nearly all scenarios of habitat loss and climate change, the global spoonbill population was projected to increase in the short-term due to low population numbers likely well below current population carrying capacities. However, climate change and habitat loss together threaten the recovery of the spoonbill population such that, by 2050, population declines are apparent as a consequence of these cumulative impacts. These threats are also cryptic and represent a challenge to the conservation of species recovering from anthropogenic impacts; observed population increases can hide large reductions in habitat suitability that threaten the long-term viability of species.

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Mortonagrion hirosei, a Near Threatened species, is a small damselfly recorded from several isolated sites across its entire range in eastern Asia. Previous research has indicated a strong affinity for brackish wetlands, including reedbeds and marshes, where potential predation or competition by other odonates is reduced. Results from surveys conducted in Hong Kong during 2009-2011 provide information on the habitat at a number of sites occupied by M. hirosei and report on the presence of populations in mangrove and mangrove-mosaic habitats as well as brackish marsh, often in association with a diversity of other odonates. Information is also provided on two previously unreported sites in Hong Kong. These new findings indicate that the species uses a greater diversity of habitats than the odonate-poor Phragmites reedbeds in which it has been well-studied in Japan, and consequently may be more widespread than previously supposed. Given that coastal habitats are threatened throughout its range, it is hoped this broader understanding of the species' habitat requirements will encourage others to explore other coastal sites and to aid in its conservation.

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