When Whistler published his slim Leyden graduate thesis on rickets in 1645, which was followed by Glisson's adequate volume in 1650, the origin of what was then called "an entirely new disease" was attributed to conditions having little relation to diet and sunshine. But, by the end of the eighteenth century, authorities were able to conclude that climate and especially dampness had much to do with the origin of rickets, and that improper food also had some part in its etiology.From the time of the first description of this malady, the theory that rickets was an inheritable ailment has persisted with singular tenacity. The influence of maternal heredity still claims attention, even though modern experimental science seems to have proved that the disease is a disturbance of calcium and phosphorus metabolism caused by lack of a mysterious substance in the diet and a lack of sufficient sunshine on the surface of the body. The theory that it is a purely inheritable condition has not been substantiated by the animal experiments conducted by Hess and Weinstock.1 The hypothesis of Schmorl,-that rickets is a manifestation of a deficient mineral deposit at birth, which is shown in some infants to a greater degree than in others and which is most marked in those prematurely born, served to revive the persistent and recurring idea that maternal influence in the production of rickets is not negligible even though the disease may not be strictly inheritable. The fact that rickets was found in nursing infants of Central Europe to a marked degree after the late war, and especially in regions in which food shortage and dietetic imbalance had prevailed among the civilian population, served to focus attention on the implication of a maternal rôle in the production of this disease. Suggestive recent work of Mitchell, Greenbaum et al,3 would indicate that, while nearly all children ultimately develop incipient rickets, infants born of mothers who were fed on a low and insufficient caloric ration develop a type of the disease which is unusually resistant to the ordinary methods of treatment.

As technology-push and supply-side creativity help determine the shape of enhanced and more diverse cultural supply, new characteristics such as the potential of interactivity and multidirectional connections become questions of public policy and raise issues of consumer choice, accountability, and control. How equipped are we to monitor and understand the nature of these issues on a macro scale? This paper explores cultural consumption and participation patterns in Canada by reviewing recent quantitative analyses, identifying key data gaps, and proposing solutions. These include: (1) considering longer-range forecasts of consumer change; (2) conducting more international comparisons of consumer/ participant-related research indicators; and (3) calling for more extensive theoretical and practical research focussed on the cultural consumer and participant.Résumé: Les développements technologiques et la demande du marché inspirent une création culturelle de plus en plus riche et diverse. Cependant, certaines des manifestations de cette création, ayant par exemple le potentiel d'interactivité et de connexions multiples, peuvent requérir l'intervention du gouvernement en ce qui a trait aux choix offerts aux consommateurs, à leur autonomie et aux responsabilités des commerçants à leur égard. Dans quelle mesure sommes-nous équipés pour surveiller et comprendre sur une grande échelle les politiques concernant les consommateurs de la culture? Cet article explore la consommation et la participation culturelles au Canada, en examinant des analyses quantitatives récentes, en identifiant des lacunes clés dans les données, et en proposant des solutions. Ces solutions comportent: (1) envisager de prévoir à plus long terme des changements dans la consommation; (2) mener plus de comparaisons internationales de résultats de recherche sur les consommateurs/participants; (3) recommander des recherches théoriques et pratiques plus approfondies sur les consommateurs et les participants culturels.

toneum, but death ensued. Gastro-enterostomy was also performed in two cases by Robson and Moynihan,8 once successfully and once unsuccessfully. In Bovée's case,4 in which the disease was of the diffuse variety and involved the pyloric end of the stomach, recovery followed incision of the diseased stomach wall and drainage by a rubber tube, which was tightly stitched into it.I myself, however, have been most interested in the case reported in 1911 by Koenig,12 because of its close similarity to my own. In Koenig's case, as in mine, the pyloric end of the stomach, when it was exposed at operation, appeared to be the seat of a soft tumor, like a medullary carcinoma, while there was an exten¬ sive inflammatory reaction in the peritoneum, with adhesions and lymphadenitis..

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