State Board Questions Answers for Nurses

A History of Massage in Nurse Training School Curricula (1860-1945)

“…(Maxwell & Pope, 1923, p. 923) Massage sections of textbooks now occupied a smaller proportion of the information covered under physiotherapy technique, which encompassed diathermia, hydrotherapy, actinotherapy, x-ray therapy, galvanic, faradic, and sinusoidal therapy (Sampson, 1923). Basic massage applications continued to be among the information included for testing on 1926 nursing state board exams (Foote, 1926). Emma Vogel, supervisor of the Physiotherapy Department at Walter Reed General Hospital in Washington, D.C., wrote a letter to the AJN in response to a new textbook on massage saying she felt it was "too advanced to be used in nursing schools and should only be recommended to those graduate nurses interested in specializing in physiotherapy" (Vogel, 1927, p. 990).…”