This article reports on three studies that investigated the effects of analyzing the reasons for one's feelings on subsequent attitudes and behavior. In the first two studies subjects were familiarized with attitude objects (puzzles or photographs), and half were instructed to analyze why they felt the way they did about these objects. Both self-report and behavioral measures of attitudes toward the objects were then assessed. In Study 3, subjects involved in dating relationships were or were not asked to analyze their relationship, then self-report and behavioral measures of adjustment (e.g., whether the couples were still dating several months later) were also assessed. In all three studies, subjects who explained reasons for their attitudes (reasons analysis condition) had significantly lower correlations between their attitudes and behavior than subjects who did not explain reasons for their attitudes (control condition). Evidence for the hypothesis that subjects in the reasons analysis conditions changed their attitudes in a less accurate direction is presented, and reasons why this change might take place are discussed.

Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster containing proteins are utilized in almost every biochemical pathway. The unique redox and coordination chemistry associated with the cofactor allows these proteins to participate in a diverse set of reactions, including electron transfer, enzyme catalysis, DNA synthesis and signaling within several pathways. Due to the high reactivity of the metal, it is not surprising that biological Fe-S cluster assembly is tightly regulated within cells. In yeast, the major assembly pathway for Fe-S clusters is the mitochondrial ISC pathway. Yeast Fe-S cluster assembly is accomplished using the scaffold protein (Isu1) as the molecular foundation, with assistance from the cysteine desulfurase (Nfs1) to provide sulfur, the accessory protein (Isd11) to regulate Nfs1 activity, the yeast frataxin homologue (Yfh1) to regulate Nfs1 activity and participate in Isu1 Fe loading possibly as a chaperone, and the ferredoxin (Yah1) to provide reducing equivalents for assembly. In this report, we utilize calorimetric and spectroscopic methods to provide molecular insight into how wt-Isu1 from S. cerevisiae becomes loaded with iron. Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) and an iron competition binding assay were developed to characterize the energetics of protein Fe(II) binding. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was used to identify thermodynamic characteristics of the protein in the apo state or under iron loaded conditions. Finally, X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) was used to characterize the electronic and structural properties of Fe(II) bound to Isu1. Current data are compared to our previous characterization of the D37A Isu1 mutant, and these suggest that when Isu1 binds Fe(II) in a manner not perturbed by the D37A substitution, and that metal binding occurs at a site distinct from the cysteine rich active site in the protein.

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Nonhierarchical partitioning techniques are used widely in many marketing applications, particularly in the clustering of consumers, as opposed to brands. These techniques can be extremely sensitive to the presence of outliers, which might result in misinterpretations of the segments, and subsequently to inferring incorrect relationships of segments to independently defined, actionable variables. The authors propose a general approach to market segmentation based on the concept of overlapping clusters (Shepard and Arabie 1979), wherein each pattern of overlap can be interpreted as a distinct partition. Both K-means and K-medians clustering procedures are special cases of the proposed approach. The suggested procedure can handle relatively large data sets (e.g., 2000 entities), is easily programmable, and hence can be gainfully employed in marketing research.

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