No abstract

This article describes the rationale, processes, technology, and results of creating of a paper-based rounds report that is now used by our entire institution for efficient inpatient work rounds and checkout rounds that are routinely done in virtually every hospital, both academic and private, in the US. The results of a survey of clinicians suggests that printed rounds reports have markedly improved rounding efficiency, saved substantial amounts of physician time, standardized checkout processes, and improved patient safety.

Samples of peels and soils from cassava waste sites were collected from cassava processing factory in Oyo town, Oyo State and also a dumpsite in Alaya village, Aiyedire local government, Osun State, Nigeria. Bacterial isolation was carried out using the pour plate method to obtain amylolytic bacterial species capable of hydrolyzing starch. Fourteen bacterial isolates that were most responsive to starch hydrolysis were selected from both sampling sites for molecular investigations. DNA of the isolates was extracted and subjected to a cocktail mix and condition for PCR which was purified using two universal primers and afterwards the PCR product was used for the polymorphism through electrophoresis. Bacterial isolates were identified based on their genetic sequences and results showed Bacillus subtilis (21.44%) to be the most frequently occurring specie. There was the prevalence of two similar strains Bacillus subtilis MML2483 and B. subtilis MML2411 which was isolated from the different sampling sites. Some other bacterial strains included Bacillus olivae BRB18, B. licheniformis HT-26-B1, B. cereus H17, B. safensis MS40, B. pumilus 07.

Clostridium difficile naturally inhabits intestinal tract of animals including humans. Spores of C. difficile are known contaminant in the Environment. Indiscriminate use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of a powerful resistance determinant (known as Metallo resistant genes) in many bacteria worldwide. Multidrug resistant bacteria (MRB) pose threats to health globally. This study aims to determine the distribution of Metallo resistant Clostridium difficile in hospital environment within Yola. A total of 150 surface samples from the hospital wards were collected from Federal Medical Centre, Yola (FMC) and Specialist hospital, Yola (SHY) Adamawa state, Nigeria. Clostridium difficile were recovered by inoculating samples in modified Cycloserine-cefoxitin fructose broth (CCFB) and Cycloserine-cefoxitin fructose agar (CCFA). Screening of isolates for extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and metallo-β-lactamase enzymes was done by double disc diffusion method and Imipenem-EDTA combined disc test respectively. A total of 18 C. difficile isolates were obtained and found to be extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) positive. 16 (88.89 %) of the Clostridium difficile were found to be metallo-β-lactamase positive. Polymerase chain reaction showed that 11 (61.1%) of the isolates possess bla-IMP metallo resistant gene. This study suggests that multidrug resistant C. difficile with metallo resistant genes are wide spread in hospital settings and there is need for relevant authorities to improve on the sanitization of environment as well as continuous surveillance to hinder C. difficile transmission.