Background:Clear guidance for how patients should dispose of unused and expired medications is lacking. Medications improperly disposed of can make their way into groundwater, surface water, and even drinking water. Incineration is the best disposal option currently available for waste medications. Although a few pharmacies will facilitate proper disposal of unused and expired medications, the majority will not.Methods: A total of 301 patients at an outpatient pharmacy completed a survey about medication disposal practices and beliefs.Results: More than half of the patients surveyed reported storing unused and expired medications in their homes, and more than half had flushed them down a toilet. Only 22.9% reported returning medication to a pharmacy for disposal. Less than 20% had ever been given advice about medication disposal by a health care provider. Previous counseling was highly associated with returning medications to a pharmacy (45.8% vs 17.1%, P < .001) and was the variable most associated with returning medications to a provider (28.8% vs 10.0%, P < .001). Previously counseled respondents were significantly more likely to believe that returning medications to a pharmacy (91.5% vs 60.3%, P < .001) or a medical provider (74.6% vs 47.3%, P < .001) was acceptable.Conclusion

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An experiment was conducted testing the hypothesis that sources delivering unexpected communications (long-haired males arguing against marijuana usage and seminarians arguing in its favor) would be more persuasive than communicators of expected messages (promarijuana hippies and antimarijuana seminarians). Greater attitude change for unexpected sources was found only when the message was antimarijuana. Unexpected communicators also were rated as more sincere and honest than expected sources. Possible reasons for the failure of the expectancy effect to hold for promarijuana communications were suggested, and the results were discussed in terms of a variety of social-psychological theories.