THE CURRENT ECONOMIC upturn has been characterized by unusually low rates of money growth relative to the increase in nominal gross national product. Even more surprising, the unusual rise in velocity has occurred while short-term interest rates have remained largely unchanged or even fallen slightly (see table 1). This development contradicts much of the supposed knowledge about the public's demand for money and its determinants. The present shortfall of money demand from its expected value has important consequences for current monetary policy and the increased uncertainty about the demand for money in the future has implications for the conduct of policy generally.' The first section of this paper describes the magnitude of the problem. The second section briefly reviews a simple version of the theory of money demand in order to provide a framework for examining causes of the problem. It lists some potential inadequacies of the theory and data and then focuses on current developments that are not embodied in the simple theory and that might help explain recent money demand. The next section presents some empirical tests, and the final section offers conclusions. Note: The views expressed in this paper are our own and do not necessarily reflect those of the Federal Reserve Board or its staff. 1974 January 174 143 ... February 208 150 ...
DPD yang merupakan wakil dari daerah mampu menjadi penyeimbang dalam penguatan sistem parlemen di Indonesia. Sejak dilakukannya amandemen, sistem parlemen Indonesia telah berubah dari sistem unikameral ke sistem bikameral. Manifestasi dari lembaga ini telah terbangun harapan masyarakat daerah bahwa permasalahan daerah dapat diperjuangkan ditingkat nasional. tetapi, jika diperhatikan fungsi, wewenang dan tugas yang telah diatur dalam Pasal 22 D UUD 1945 dan Undang-Undang No.22 Tahun 2003 tentang susunan dan kedudukan MPR,DPR, DPD dan DPRD, maka timbul banyak anggapan bahwa apakah fungsi dari Dewan Perwakilan Daerah dapat mewakili kepentingan daerah. Kemelut yang terjadi di tubuh Dewan Perwakilan Daerah (DPD) Republik Indonesia merupakan masalah serius yang dapat mengancam Sistem Tata Negara Indonesia. Pada akhirnya, rapat paripurna memilih ketua DPD Oesman Sapta Odang terpilih sebagai Ketua DPD yang baru dan disambut gembira para pendukungnya, namun di sisi lain memancing keprihatinan kubu lain serta kecaman. Bikameral merupakan istilah sistem perwakilan yang terdiri dari dua kamar (cembers), di Indonesia dikenal dengan istilah DPR RI dan DPD RI yang bertujuan untuk mencapai pemerintahan yang baik (good government) serta tercapainya check and balance antar lembaga khususnya di lembaga legislatif, yang merupakan salah satu unsur terpenting dalam penyelenggaraan Negara.
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