Several theories exist that aim to identify the factors which increase the risk of STEM attrition. Several models and research frameworks aim to address student perceptions of STEM at the high-school level, develop STEM education curricula that include real-life research opportunities and everyday application, foster positive academic habit formation, improve emotional intelligence (EI), address lack of belonging in the culture of a field of study, improve growth mind-set, shift students' time perspective (TP), provide students with a higher sense of purpose, aid students in managing test anxiety, mitigate self-handicapping behaviors, and provide academic support in a welcoming environment, among others (Bybee, 2010;Rattan, Good, & Dweck, 2012). Moreover, early research in psychology and more recent longitudinal studies have indicated that within the scope of 704686S GOXXX10.

No abstract

The current study examined masculinity ideology and ethnic identity as predictors of healthy relationships and sexually protective behaviors among Black male college students. Participants consisted of 92 Black college men between the ages of 18 and 25. Findings indicated that rejection of traditional masculinity ideology was associated with greater relationship mutuality and fewer sexual partners; ethnic identity was associated with relationship mutuality even after controlling for demographic and relationship variables. The findings are discussed within the context of promoting healthy sexual relationships among young adult Black men.

No abstract

The participants were 256 African-American students between the ages of 18 and 25, from two historically Black universities. The purpose of this study was to see how dimensions of religiosity and spirituality influenced the HIV risk behavior in African-American college students. Each participant completed the Expressions of Spirituality Inventory (ESI) and a survey of sexual attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors. The data were analyzed using a series of ANOVAs, t tests, and correlations. The results from the study confirmed that there was a relationship between religiosity/spirituality and one's tendency to engage in HIV risk behaviors in the population of African-American college students. Interestingly, this study was able to reveal that traditional indicators of religiosity, such as association and church attendance, were not predictors of any of the risky sexual behaviors or attitudes. The portions of religiosity with the greatest impact on these behaviors were the Experiential/Phenomenological, the Existential Well-being, and the Cognitive dimensions, with high scores on each indicative of less likelihood of engaging in risky sexual behaviors.