This study was designed to examine systematically the relationship of Erikson's concept of ego identity to psychosocial effectiveness as actually demonstrated in daily living. Two groups of Navy recruits, one composed of individuals making a highly adequate psychosocial adjustment and the second containing persons demonstrating minimally adequate adjustment, served as Ss. Highly significant differences were obtained on an operational measure of ego identity. Evidence of construct validity was adduced in terms of the predicted relationship of ego identity and a self-concept measure as well as through inter-correlation of subscores on the ego identity instrument. The results lend support both to the value of Erikson's theory in the systematic study of personality and his position that an adequate ego identity is necessary for a person to cope effectively with his social and cultural environment.
Requests for additlui COPSO bF AgvuCI~SAbstract. The described AFCRC experimental 'hyperbolic direction finder' consists of an array of aleric receivers in the New England area, connected by wide-beand data links so that mic-o-econd differences in pulse arrival time can be measured. The hyperbolic directions can be determined from the time differences.In a meries of coordinated runs, individual slerics originating in western Europe were observed by both the New England net and the aferics net of the British Meteorological Office. The BMO furnished the" geographic coordinates of the lightning strokes so that measurements of position could be compared. Tabulated results for 150 deries show an average absolute deviation from the mean of only 31 nautical miles.
A series of direct and ionospherically reflected low-frequency pulses, recorded over a typical 24-hour period in December 1972, are presented for both normal and rotated polarizations. Examination of the pulse wave forms strongly suggests the simultaneous presence of two discrete but just barely resolved reflections from different heights in the daytime ionosphere. The upper reflection, whose height varied from about 72 to 78 km as the solar zenith angle changed, is identified with the classical D region, caused primarily by Lyman a radiation. The lower reflection was at a nearly constant altitude of about 63 km from shortly after sunrise to shortly before sunset. The ionization responsible for the low-altitude reflection may be caused by cosmic rays and photodetachment, a mechanism previously proposed by other writers in connection with the hypothetical C layer of the lower daytime ionosphere. An ionization model which closely reproduces the observed reflected wave forms was developed using full wave theory and spectral analysis. The model is a 6-km thick layer with a uniform conductivity of 1.8 x 10 -7 mhos/m, corresponding to an estimated electron density of 60-160 el/cm 3 in the 63-to 69-kin region of the daytime ionosphere.
An extensive screening among microorganisms for the presence of post-proline-specific endopeptidase activity was performed. This activity was found among ordinary bacteria from soil samples but not among fungi and actinomycetes. This result is in contrast to the previous notion that this activity is confined to the genus Flavobacterium. A proline endopeptidase was isolated from a Xanthomonas sp. and characterized with respect to physicochemical and enzymatic properties. The enzyme is composed of a single peptide chain with a molecular weight of 75,000. The isoelectric point is 6.2. It is inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate and may therefore be classified as a serine endopeptidase. The activity profile is bell shaped with an optimum at pH 7.5.By using synthetic peptide substrates and intramolecular fluorescence quenching it was possible to study the influence of substrate structure on the rate of hydrolysis. The enzyme specifically hydrolyzed Pro-X peptide bonds. With Glu at position X, low rates of hydrolysis were observed; otherwise the enzyme exhibited little preference for particular amino acid residues at position X. A similar substrate preference was observed with respect to the amino acid residue preceding the prolyl residue in the substrate. The enzyme required a minimum of two amino acid residues toward the N terminus from the scissile bond, but further elongation of the peptide chain by up to six amino acid residues caused only a threefold increase in the rate of hydrolysis. Attempts to cleave at the prolyl residues in oxidized RNase failed, indicating that the enzyme does not hydrolyze long peptides, a peculiar property it shares with other proline-specific endopeptidases.Over the past 20 years a number of serine and thiol endopeptidases that cleave specifically on the carboxyl side of particular amino acid residues in peptides and proteins have been identified. These enzymes should be distinguished from the special-purpose endopeptidases (involved in, e.g., hormone processing and blood clotting) that recognize several amino acid residues in the substrate. Enzymes with specificity for cleavage at the carboxyl side of Asp and Glu (6,11,18), Glu (25, 31), Lys (13), Arg (7), Val (1), Gly (5), and Pro (2,10,20,21,23,34,(36)(37)(38)40) have been described. These enzymes are of interest from the point of view of understanding the nature of their high specificity, but they have also been used for specific cleavage of fusion proteins and for synthesis of peptide bonds.Due to the unusual structure of proline, most endopeptidases hydrolyze Pro-X bonds at extremely low rates; this has increased the interest in proline-specific enzymes. Such enzymes are commonly found in small quantities in plants (21, 37, 38) and in mammalian organs (2,10,20,23,29,34), where they appear to function in the degradation of numerous proline-containing peptide hormones (12,15,(26)(27)(28). In contrast, they have been reported to be rare in microorganisms; extensive screening only identified a single genus, Flavobacterium, with su...
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