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As part of a programme of consolidation and presentation by Historic Scotland, Headland Archaeology Ltd undertook a series of archaeological investigations at the site of the Hackness Gun Battery, South Walls, Orkney Islands between 1997 and 2001. The investigations revealed the remains of both the 1815 battery and the 1866 refurbishment and upgrading. The battery, which was supported by two Martello towers, is unique in Scotland and a very striking reminder of a turbulent and unsettled political climate throughout the 19th century. This paper is intended to detail the physical nature of the installation and the political climate that caused it to be constructed in 1815 and strengthened in 1866.