Recent discoveries on both sides of the Anglo-ScottishBorder have shown that it is now possible to identify the surface remains of prehistoric cultivation without recourse to excavation. Numerous sites of very narrow ridged cultivation, generally no more than 1.4 m between the centre of the furrows and now known as cord rig, are associated with prehistoric settlements of various types. When taken in conjunction with the many examples of demonstrably pre-Roman cultivation terraces, this has finally destroyed the concept of a predominantly pastoral economy believed to have been practised in much of the Tyne-Forth area. It is now apparent that arable regimes formed a significant part of the local economy and that the currency of the myth of the footloose Celtic cowboy is at an end. This paper concentrates upon Northumberland.A more complete description of the Scottish material will be produced by S. Halliday.CORD RIG CULTIVATION t m s discovery had been evident for some time: as early In 1981 at a s i t e o n Gibb'sHill (NY 3 0 8 8 4 1 ; R C A H M S as the 1940s Clark's (1949) work at the Cam-1981, 9, no. 24) Halliday recognized the remains of bridgeshire Car Dyke included an area of apparently prehistoric narrow ridged cultivation adjacent to a Romano-British ridged cultivation; and more recently complex succession of palisaded settlements. This form the seminal and far-sighted report on the excavations at of very narrow ridged cultivation, n o w known as cord Rudchester recorded not only ardmarks scoring the rig, only achieved on average a width of 1.4 m between subsoil, but recovered in excavation and section the the centre of the furrows; from the evidence of other regular undulations of cultivation ridges sealed beneath sites it was found to be arranged in fields, sometimes buildings of the Roman fort (Gillam etal. 1973; cf. fig. with formal boundaries, and also in small irregular 2). plots resembling 'cabbage patches'. The potential for A search through the relevant literature has shown that along the line of the Hadrianic frontier zone there are well over a dozen sites where pre-Roman phases of 1 RCHME, Line Building, The University, Newcastle upon Tyne, cultivation have been recorded, and which can be tenta-N E I ? RU tively interpreted as cord rig from the spacing and

the themes identified reflect what is already known about the wider perceived role of the ANP. Moreover, this study adds to the limited literature available specifically on the benefits of the ANP within 'hospital at day' roles.

A high-resolution survey with a total of 2300 km 2 of 3D reflection seismic data was acquired over the Al Shaheen Field, Block 5, offshore Qatar, from October 2006 to April 2007. Reverberations from the hard shallow water bottom and other types of noise limited the value of the original processing. Re-processing using new technologies has produced a step change in quality resulting in cleaner images for interpretation and superior angle stacks for inversion.The multiples were removed by applying an enhanced processing workflow based on a predictive, data-driven algorithm. The workflow involved attenuating short-period water-layer related multiples -a process that is referred to as shallow water demultiple (SWD). The SWD method makes use of water-layer multiples in the data to reconstruct the missing water-bottom primary reflection, and then uses the reflection for predicting these shallow multiples. The method takes into account the spatial varying nature of the subsurface. Since the multiple model predicted by SWD has similar amplitude and phase as the input data, very short matching filters can be utilised in the adaptive subtraction process.These processing improvements have influenced a broad spectrum of interpretations such as better structural representation including fault mapping and improved understanding of facies. In conclusion, detailed and careful testing has resulted in new added value from this large high resolution 3D data set by applying technologies that were not available when the data was acquired and processed in 2006-2008.

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As part of a programme of consolidation and presentation by Historic Scotland, Headland Archaeology Ltd undertook a series of archaeological investigations at the site of the Hackness Gun Battery, South Walls, Orkney Islands between 1997 and 2001. The investigations revealed the remains of both the 1815 battery and the 1866 refurbishment and upgrading. The battery, which was supported by two Martello towers, is unique in Scotland and a very striking reminder of a turbulent and unsettled political climate throughout the 19th century. This paper is intended to detail the physical nature of the installation and the political climate that caused it to be constructed in 1815 and strengthened in 1866.