A predictive method, based on artiÐcial neural networks (ANN) and equilibrium physical properties, has been developed for the viscosity, density, heat of vaporization, boiling point and PitzerÏs acentric factor for pure organic liquid hydrocarbons over a wide range of temperatures A committee ANN was (T reduced B 0.45È0.7). trained, using ten physicochemical and structural properties combined with absolute temperature as its inputs, to correlate and predict viscosity. A group of 281 compounds, of diverse structure, were arbitrarily ordered into a set of 200 compounds, which were used to train the committee ANN, and a group of 81 compounds, which were used to test the predictive performance of the committee ANN. The viscosity and input data for each individual compound was compiled on average at forty di †erent temperatures, ranging from the melting points to the boiling points for each of the chosen compounds. The mean average absolute deviation in viscosity, predicted by the committee ANN, was ^7.9% which reduces to ^6.5% when the correlated data is also considered. These values are almost a factor of 2 better than other predictive methods and are below the mean average absolute experimental deviation of approximately ^10%, quoted by the DIPPR reference database (AIChE, 1994). In a preliminary study a separate committee ANN was also used to predict the viscosity of the highly polar and hyrdogen bonding compounds, aliphatic acids, alcohols and amines. The predicted mean average absolute deviation for the amines, alcohols and aliphatic acids was ^8.9%. Although this paper deals predominantly with liquid viscosity the same methodology was applied to liquid density, heat of vaporization, boiling point and PitzerÏs acentric factor. The predicted mean average absolute deviation for these equilibrium properties was ^0.71%, ^1.04%, ^0.39% and ^5.6% respectively. An attempt has also been made to use the ANN to determine the hierarchical dependencies of viscosity on fundamental molecular and structural parameters.

Glycols are diols, compounds containing two hydroxyl groups attached to separate carbon atoms. In an aliphatic chain, ethylene glycol, is the simplest glycol. Diethylene, triethylene, and tetraethylene glycols are oligomers of ethylene glycol. Polyglycols are higher molecular weight adducts of ethylene oxide and are distinguished by intervening ether linkages in the hydrocarbon chain. The first commercial application of the Lefort direct ethylene oxidation to ethylene oxide followed by hydrolysis of ethylene oxide remains the main commercial source of ethylene glycol production. The uses for ethylene glycol are numerous. Some of the applications are polyester resins for fiber, PET containers, and film applications; all‐weather automotive antifreeze and coolants, defrosting and deicing aircraft; heat‐transfer solutions for coolants for gas compressors, heating, ventilating, and air‐conditioning systems; water‐based formulations such as adhesives, latex paints, and asphalt emulsions; manufacture of capacitors; and unsaturated polyester resins. The oligomers also have excellent water solubility but are less hygroscopic and have somewhat different solvent properties. The largest commercial use of ethylene glycol is its reaction with dicarboxylic acids to form linear polyesters. In addition to oligomers ethylene glycol derivative classes include monoethers, diethers, esters, acetals, and ketals as well as numerous other organic and organometallic molecules. The propylene glycol family of chemical compounds consists of monopropylene glycol (PG), dipropylene glycol (DPG), and tripropylene glycol (TPG). These chemicals are manufactured as copoducts and are used commercially in a large variety of applications. They are available as highly purified products which meet well‐defined manufacturing and sales specifications. All commercial production is via the hydrolysis of propylene oxide. The propylene glycols are clear, viscous, colorless liquids that have very little odor, a slightly bittersweet taste, and low vapor pressures. The most important member of the family is monopropylene glycol. All of the glycols are totally miscible with water. Propylene glycol, when produced according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration good manufacturing practice guidelines at a registered facility, meets the requirements of the U.S. Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. It is listed in the regulation as a direct additive for specified foods and is classified as generally recognized as safe (GRAS). Because of its low human toxicity and desirable formulation properties it has been an important ingredient for years in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical products. Glycols such as neopentyl glycol, 2,2,4‐trimethyl‐1,3‐pentanediol, 1,4‐cyclohexanedimethanol, and hydroxypivalyl hydroxypivalate are used in the synthesis of polyesters and urethane foams. Commercial preparation of neopentyl glycol can be via an alkali‐catalyzed condensation of isobutyraldehyde with 2 moles of formaldehyde (crossed Cannizzaro reaction). 2,2,4‐Trimethyl‐1,3‐pentanediol can be produced by hydrogenation of the aldehyde trimer resulting from the aldol condensation of isobutyraldehyde. The manufacture of 1,4‐cyclohexanedimethanol can be accomplished by the catalytic reduction under pressure of dimethyl terephthalate in a methanol solution. Hydroxypivalyl hydroxypivalate may be produced by the esterification of hydoxypivalic acid with neopentyl glycol or by the intermolecular oxidation–reduction (Tishchenko reaction) of hydroxypivaldehyde using an aluminum alkoxide catalyst. Polyester resins produced from of the glycols, are useful for preparation of coatings exhibiting a combination of hydrolytic stability, excellent weather resistance, and good flexibility.

I t has been found that besides the homopolar bimolecular oxidation of alkylmercuric salts which has been reported previously an alternative unimolecular reaction of heteropolar character may occur. The product of this heteropolar reaction is the alkene, but it probably proceeds through an all.;ylmercury cation since reaction in benzene leads to the Friedel-Crafts type of product. Lilce the homopolar reaction, the heteropolar reaction is accelerated by electron withdrawal of the anionic part of the salt. Indeed, it is believed that both ~uechanisms are operative among many of the mercuric salt osidations of allcenes which previously have been reported.

Attempts to discover an effective antimalarial drug have been based in part on modification of the structure of quinine. Among the simplest compounds examined were ethanolamine derivatives such as quinolyl-CHOHCH2NR2 and related substances in which other aryl groups, including naphthyl, replaced quinoline (1, 2, 3, 4). A thorough investigation of such compounds was undertaken at the National Institute of Health to determine the influence of various nuclei on antimalarial action (5). It was found that, among others, compounds of this type containing the -naphthyl nucleus possessed some antimalarial activity in avian malaria (6), although King and Work (1) had not observed activity in similar substances. The corresponding /3-naphthyl derivatives were much less active. As part of a cooperative project with the National Institute of Health, we have extended the work on the -naphthyl compounds by synthesizing dialkylaminomethyl-l-naphthalenemethanols in which the naphthalene nucleus was substituted in various positions with halogen or methoxyl and in which the dialkylamino group varied from dimethylamino to di-ndecylamino.The conventional synthesis of such ethanolamine derivatives involves the reaction of an -halo ketone such as I with a dialkylamine to yield an aminó ketone II which is then reduced.

No abstract