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This research was conducted to determine if Weaponeer, an M16Al rifle marksmanship trainer, can be used to predict soldiers' annual rifle qualification (or record fire) performance and to examine Weaponeer's training effectiveness. In Experiment 1,69 initial entry soldiers were divided into three groups, varying according to Weaponeer target scenario difficulty. Each soldier was tested twice on a scenario prior to firing record fire. All firing on Weaponeer was done from a foxhole position; firing during record fire was done from both foxhole and prone positions. Weaponeer performance under the most difficult scenario appeared to be the best predictor of record fire performance. Predictions improved when later shots and firing position were considered on the device. In Experiment 2,244 permanent party troops were divided into five groups. Groups varied according to amount and type (firing position) of training on Weaponeer prior to firing the test scenario and record fire. Results indicated that Weaponeer can be used to predict record fire performance as long as training is not provided immediately prior to Weaponeer testing. Experimental groups performed no better at record fire than a no (Weaponeer) training control group.

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This paper is based on results from an on-going effort sponsored by the US Army Research Institute (ARI) concerned with human performance and training issues in automated, near-real-time air defense command and control systems. Air defense command and control is the specific applications context, but the paper's implications extend to many contemporary process control settings. Topics that are addressed in the paper include: (1) human performance problems associated with automation, (2) a new look at human performance requirements in near-real-time process control, (3) and training and job performance support requirements for supervisory controllers. The “new look” portion describes a reasonable and evolving concept for human participation in automated processing, designated Rule-Based Supervisory Control. The paper is intended to introduce these topics to concept developers, system designers, and trainers dealing with automated process control technology.