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Words and derived pronounceable nonwords varying in length, syllabic structure, and frequency were visually presented to subjects, whose task was either to name the stimulus or to make a lexical decision. Analysis of response latencies indicates that phonemic receding is not a prerequisite for lexical retrieval, and that the word-frequency effect is attributable to processes of memory access and search. Time for phonemic analysis is influenced by array length, but not by syllabic structure. A detailed analysis of the effects of orthographic structure on naming latencies is presented. The results of this analysis support the view that, in reading, an abstract phonological representation is not developed prior to articulation.

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