Canadian multilingualism and multiculturalism are on the rise. Yet, monolingual language instruction remains the standard: students are often discouraged from using their additional languages and teaching materials still lack a plurilingual lens. To further inform the practice of plurilingual pedagogies, this paper reports on results of a convergent mixed methods study that investigated the plurilingual learning strategies of 20 adult English as an additional language (EAL) student tutors and tutees in a Francophone college in Montréal. The study asked (1) What plurilingual strategies do EAL tutors and tutees use to teach and learn English from each other? (2) What are their perceptions of the affordances and challenges of these plurilingual strategies? Data from an observation grid, fieldnotes, and semistructured interviews were analyzed deductively and inductively, and merged for convergence analysis. Results show that (1) participants regularly engaged in plurilingual practices including translation, translanguaging, and crosslinguistic comparisons during the tutoring sessions. Further, (2) participants perceived plurilingual strategies as useful for supporting English language development, fostering positive learning experience and conceptual links; however, they noted challenges pertaining to the monolingual posture of EAL instruction, to English oral production, and to the feasibility of plurilingual pedagogies. Implications for EAL education in multilingual contexts like Canada are discussed.
Le multilinguisme et le multiculturalisme canadien augmente. Pourtant, l’instruction monolingue reste la norme: on décourage souvent les étudiants d’utiliser leurs autres langues et le matériel pédagogique manque encore d’optique plurilingue. Pour informer davantage la pratique de pédagogies plurilingues, cet article présente un rapport sur les résultats d’une étude de méthodes combinées convergentes qui se sont penchées sur les stratégies d’apprentissage de 20 adultes en anglais langue additionnelle (ALA) d’apprenants tuteurs et d’apprenants dans un collège francophone de Montréal. L’étude demandait (1) Quelles stratégies plurilingues les apprenants tuteurs et les apprenants mettent en œuvre pour enseigner et apprendre l’anglais les uns des autres? (2) Quelles sont leurs perceptions des affordances et des défis de ces stratégies plurilingues? Les données tirées d’une grille d’observation, les notes de terrain et des entrevues semistructurées ont été analysées de façon inductive et déductive et mises en commun pour une analyse de convergence. Les résultats ont montré que (1) les participants avaient régulièrement recours à des pratiques plurilingues comme la traduction, le translanguaging et les comparaisons translinguistiques lors des séances d’apprentissage. De plus, (2) les participants ont perçu l’utilité des stratégies plurilingues en ce qu’elles soutenaient le développement de l’anglais, favorisant une expérience d’apprentissage positive et des liens conceptuels; cependant, ils ont remarqué des défis liés à la posture monolingue de l’enseignement de l’ALA, à la production orale en anglais et à la faisabilité des pédagogies plurilingues. Nous discutons des implications pour l’enseignement de l’ALA dans des contextes multilingues comme le Canada.
Despite emergent research on Canadian additional language (AL) learners’ plurilingualism in post-secondary and officially monolingual school contexts, challenges persist in implementing plurilingual instruction: learners’ plurilingual identities (PI) and plurilingual and pluricultural competence (PPC) are often ignored in favour of the monolingual native speaker model. To help validate learners’ PPC and PI in AL classrooms, this article discusses parts of the results of a mixed-methods study pertaining to the self-perceived PPC and self-reported linguistic identities of adult English as AL student tutors and tutees (N = 20) in a francophone Montréal college. Data from a PI questionnaire, a PPC scale, and interviews reveal that: tutors tend to have higher PPC and identify as bi- or plurilingual; tutees tend to have lower PPC and identify as mono- or bilingual; a lower PPC level is directly related to identifying as monolingual; factors including AL competence level influence participants’ PI. Implications for AL education are discussed.
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